Table 1.
Baseline clinical and CMR characteristics for patients with and without occurrence of the primary outcome
| Characteristics | Total cohort (N = 645) | Event− (N = 516) | Event+ (N = 129) | HR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 56 ± 14 | 55 ± 14 | 58 ± 15 | 1.02 (1.002–1.03) | 0.03* |
| Female, n (%) | 180 (28) | 140 (27) | 40 (31) | 1.20 (0.83–1.74) | 0.3 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 116 ± 18 | 117 ± 17 | 113 ± 20 | 0.99 (0.98–0.997) | 0.01* |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 70 ± 13 | 71 ± 13 | 68 ± 13 | 0.99 (0.97–1.002) | 0.09 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 71 ± 16 | 70 ± 15 | 75 ± 17 | 1.02 (1.007–1.03) | 0.001* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29 ± 6 | 29 ± 6 | 30 ± 8 | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 0.15 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 228 (35) | 173 (34) | 55 (43) | 1.41 (0.99–1.99) | 0.06 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 128 (20) | 85 (17) | 43 (33) | 2.33 (1.62–3.37) | < 0.001* |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 343 (53) | 259 (50) | 84 (65) | 1.74 (1.21–2.51) | 0.003* |
| Smoking, n (%) | 120 (20) | 96 (20) | 24 (21) | 1.07 (0.68–1.67) | 0.78 |
| Creatinine (µmol/l) | 95 ± 46 | 94 ± 49 | 100 ± 32 | 1.00 (0.999- 1.00) | 0.16 |
| NYHA class III or IV, n (%) | 153 (26) | 112 (24) | 41 (37) | 1.81 (1.23–2.66) | 0.002* |
| Medications | |||||
| ACE-I or ARB, n (%) | 524 (81) | 407 (79) | 117 (91) | 2.41 (1.33–4.36) | 0.004* |
| Beta blocker, n (%) | 530 (82) | 413 (80) | 117 (91) | 2.20 (1.21–3.98) | 0.009* |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 331 (51) | 234 (45) | 97 (75) | 3.28 (2.2–4.90) | < 0.001* |
| Digoxin, n (%) | 56 (9) | 38 (7) | 18 (14) | 1.9 (1.15–3.13) | 0.01* |
| Statin, n (%) | 253 (39) | 193 (37) | 60 (47) | 1.41 (0.999–1.997) | 0.05 |
| CCB, n (%) | 76 (12) | 58 (11) | 18 (14) | 1.23 (0.75–2.02) | 0.42 |
| Amiodarone, n (%) | 31 (5) | 19 (4) | 12 (9) | 2.13 (1.18–3.86) | 0.01* |
| CMR-Non LGE variables | |||||
| LVEDVI (ml/m2) | 113 ± 38 | 110 ± 36 | 126 ± 45 | 1.01 (1.005–1.01) | < 0.001* |
| LVESVI (ml/m2) | 74 ± 37 | 70 ± 34 | 89 ± 43 | 1.01 (1.006–1.01) | < 0.001* |
| LVEF (%) | 37 ± 11 | 38 ± 10 | 32 ± 12 | 0.95 (0.94–0.97) | < 0.001* |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 70 ± 22 | 68 ± 20 | 78 ± 25 | 1.02 (1.01–1.02) | < 0.001* |
| RVEDVI (ml/m2) | 87 ± 25 | 87 ± 23 | 89 ± 31 | 1.003 (0.996–1.01) | 0.36 |
| RVESVI (ml/m2) | 49 ± 22 | 47 ± 19 | 54 ± 28 | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | < 0.001* |
| RVEF (%) | 46 ± 12 | 47 ± 11 | 42 ± 13 | 0.97 (0.95–0.98) | < 0.001* |
| LA volume index (ml/m2) | 43 ± 18 | 42 ± 17 | 48 ± 20 | 1.02 (1.01–1.02) | < 0.001* |
| CMR-LGE variables | |||||
| RV insertion site | 274 (42) | 198 (38) | 76 (59) | 2.11 (1.48–2.99) | < 0.001* |
| Mid-wall striae | 167 (26) | 112 (22) | 55 (43) | 2.33 (1.64–3.31) | < 0.001* |
| Mid-wall patchy | 10 (2) | 8 (2) | 2 (2) | 1.01 (0.25–4.08) | 0.99 |
| Sub-epicardial | 54 (8) | 45 (9) | 9 (7) | 0.82 (0.42–1.62) | 0.57 |
| Diffuse | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 1(0.8) | – | – |
| Any LGE | 306 (47) | 227 (44) | 79 (61) | 1.88 (1.32–2.68) | < 0.001* |
Univariable hazards provided. HR data were available for 644 patients, Smoking for 593 patients, creatinine for 493 patients, NYHA for 584 patients, LV mass index for 640 patients, RVEDVI for 643 patients, RVESVI and RVEF for 642 patients and LA max indexed for 635 patients
EDVI End-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area, EF ejection fraction, ESVI end-systolic volume indexed to body surface area, LA left atrial, LGE late gadolinium enhancement, LV left ventricular, NYHA New York Heart Association, RV right ventricular
Continuous data are expressed as mean ± SD, categorical data as n (%). *p < 0.05