. 2021 Jun 17;31:15. doi: 10.1186/s12610-021-00133-9

Table 1.

Comparison between clinical and hormonal profiles (whole cohort, n = 155) according to the etiology of azoospermia

	OA n = 23	Unexplained NOA n = 69	Cryptorchidism NOA n = 25	Cytotoxic NOA n = 8	Genetic NOA n = 30
Age at TESE (years) [median (IQR)]	30 (28–35)	34 (32-37.5)	33 (31–37)	28.5 (26.5–42.5)	32.5 (29–37)
P-value	-	*0.01	ns	ns	ns
Mean testicular volume (mL) [median (IQR)]	19.5 (15.1–22)	9 (6.5–13.4)	7 (6.4–9.7)	5.6 (3.5;11)	3.5 (2.3–7.4)
P-value	-	*<0.0001	*<0.0001	*<0.0001	<0.0001 <0.0001 **0.01
FSH (IU /L) [median (IQR)]	3.1 (1.8–3.8)	17.2 (13.3–21.5)	23.3 (15.4–30)	17.3 (9.7–32.4)	24.8 (17.8–31.5)
P-value		*<0.0001	*<0.0001	*0.0002	<0.0001 *0.01
LH (IU /L) [median (IQR)]	2.9 (2-3.7)	6.3 (4.9–8.3)	5.3 (4.6–9.7)	7.2 (6.5–9.7)	9.8 (4.7–13.8)
P-value		*<0.0001	*<0.0001	*<0.0001	<0.0001 *0.04
Testosterone (ng/ml) [median (IQR)]	5.5 (4.2–7.1)	4.3 (3.5-5)	3.9 (2.4–4.8)	4.5 (2.4–6.8)	3.2 (2-4.7)
P-value		*0.009	*0.0007	ns	<0.0001 *0.02
AMH (pmol/l) [median (IQR)]	44.8 (36-72.3)	30.1 (15.2–58.5)	21.8 (13.2–35.1)	26.7 (10.4–41.6)	7.3 (1.7–24.4)
P-value		*0.02	*0.001	*0.04	<0.0001 <0.0001 **0.04
AMH/Testosterone [median (IQR)]	1.1 (0.7–1.6)	0.9 (0.5–1.9)	0.7 (0.6–1.3)	0.6 (0.4–1.3)	0.2 (0.1–0.7)
P-value		ns	ns	ns	<0.0001 <0.0001 **0.005
Inhibin B (pg/ml) [median (IQR)]	166 (137–244)	17 (10-32.5)	11 (8-50.5)	9.5 (9–38)	9.5 (8-20.5)
P-value		*<0.0001	*<0.0001	*<0.0001	<0.0001 *0.03

OA
n = 23

Unexplained NOA
n = 69

Cryptorchidism NOA
n = 25

Cytotoxic
NOA
n = 8

Genetic
NOA
n = 30

Age at TESE (years)

[median (IQR)]

(28–35)

(32-37.5)

(31–37)

28.5

(26.5–42.5)

32.5

(29–37)

P-value

*0.01

Mean testicular volume (mL)

[median (IQR)]

19.5

(15.1–22)

(6.5–13.4)

(6.4–9.7)

5.6

(3.5;11)

3.5

(2.3–7.4)

P-value

*<0.0001

**<0.0001

***0.01

FSH (IU /L)

[median (IQR)]

3.1

(1.8–3.8)

17.2

(13.3–21.5)

23.3

(15.4–30)

17.3

(9.7–32.4)

24.8

(17.8–31.5)

P-value

*<0.0001

*0.0002

*<0.0001

**0.01

LH (IU /L)

[median (IQR)]

2.9

(2-3.7)

6.3

(4.9–8.3)

5.3

(4.6–9.7)

7.2

(6.5–9.7)

9.8

(4.7–13.8)

P-value

*<0.0001

**0.04

Testosterone (ng/ml)

[median (IQR)]

5.5

(4.2–7.1)

4.3

(3.5-5)

3.9

(2.4–4.8)

4.5

(2.4–6.8)

3.2

(2-4.7)

P-value

*0.009

*0.0007

*<0.0001

**0.02

AMH (pmol/l)

[median (IQR)]

44.8

(36-72.3)

30.1

(15.2–58.5)

21.8

(13.2–35.1)

26.7

(10.4–41.6)

7.3

(1.7–24.4)

P-value

*0.02

*0.001

*0.04

*<0.0001

**<0.0001

***0.04

AMH/Testosterone [median (IQR)]

1.1

(0.7–1.6)

0.9

(0.5–1.9)

0.7

(0.6–1.3)

0.6

(0.4–1.3)

0.2

(0.1–0.7)

P-value

*<0.0001

**<0.0001

***0.005

Inhibin B (pg/ml)

[median (IQR)]

166

(137–244)

(10-32.5)

(8-50.5)

9.5

(9–38)

9.5

(8-20.5)

P-value

*<0.0001

**0.03

Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis test with the two-stage linear step-up procedure of Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli post hoc tests

IQR Interquartile range (first and third quartiles), NOA Nonobstructive azoospermia, OA Obstructive azoospermia, ns non-significant, TESE Testicular sperm extraction

* comparison between OA and NOA subgroups, ** comparison between unexplained and genetic NOA, *** comparison between cryptorchidism and genetic NOAg