TABLE 3.

List of drugs with teratogenic effect

Sr. No.	Name of plants	Phytoconstituent	Dose and duration	Teratogenic effect
1	Asparagus racemosus Willd.	Shatavarin, Racemosol	1000°mg/kg/body weight for 60-day Charles foster rat pups	Prenatal study—increased resorption of fetus, gross malformation i.e., swelling in legs, IUGR with small placental size.
	Root		Methanolic extract	Postnatal study—decreased number of pups per litter and increased mortality of pups and delayed developmental parameters Goel et al. (2006)
2	Datura metel L.	Atropine alkaloids	500°mg/body kg wt rats, ethanolic extract	Teratogenic in the late stage of pregnancy Azeez and Philip (2013)
	Leaves
3	Gloriosa superba L.	Colchicine	1-3 ppm and 4-5 ppm	Antifertility activity scarcely produced abnormal embryos. Induce high percentage of abnormalities. Badwaik (2011)
	Tuber		Hydroalcoholic extract
4	Lawsonia inermis L.	Flavonoid and phenolic compounds	100°mg/kg body wt. BALB/c mice between 8-12°wk hydroalcoholic extract	90% embryo, more extra ribs anencephaly, exencephaly, skeletal abnormalities, height and weight loss in embryos Lobat (2015)
5	Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn.	Glycosides, saponins, resin, free sterols, aliphatic esters, quinones	After ingestion of a variable amount of tea made with dried fruit, decoction	Abortion,reduction in birth rate Barilli et al. (2005)
	Tea, decoction
6	Plumbago zeylanica L.	Plumbagin	100°mg/body kg wt orally with 0.5°ml of distilled water in mice	Stunted growth, subcutaneous, and deep hemorrhage, kinking of tail, protrusion of back of head Srivastava (2017)
7	Ruta graveolens L.	Essential oil	5, 10, and 20% w/v or plain water (control) orally for 4 days	Changes in the blastocyst formation, reducing the number, and delaying the development of embryos Gutiérrez-Pajares et al. (2003) embryotoxic effect De Freitas et al. (2005)
8	Sena (Senna) alexandrina Mill-Fabaceae	Sennosides	Extract	Increase blood flow to the uterus and its attachments, increasing the risk of fetal loss, and may pass spasms in the infant
				Schulz et al. (2002)
9	Zingiber officinale	Carbohydrates (50–70%), lipids (3–8%), terpenes, and phenolic compounds	Orally at 0, 250, 500, 1000, or 2000 °mg/kgbw/day—five groups	High dose significantly reduced the number of live fetuses, increased fatal death, and resorption. Reda et al. (2018)
	Roscoe
10	Pipalyadi gutika	Piperine	5 times to one and five times to the other than the recommended dose for humans Rats	Fetus—LBW, smaller in length, developmental defects of soft tissues, skeletons, herniation of intestines into umbilical cord,
				Mother—less weight gain during gestation Chaudhury et al. (2001)
11	Vishamustivati [VV] & Shuddha Tankana [ST]	-	175°mg/kg of aqueous solutions of VisamustiVati, 300°mg/kg aqueous solutions of SuddhaTankana, orally from day 1 to day 7 of post mating period	VV and ST shows positive Teratological effect on new-borns, gross remarkable external morphological and skeletal defects Jati (2018)