Table 3 –
Study | Subtype | Imaging modality | Study design, patient numbers | Time interval between imaging | Results (of statistical significance) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Meier-Ewert et al, 2011 | AL, post-chemo | Echo | Retrospective, 55 patients | 1.3 years (non-responders), 3.1 years (responders) | 43% of responders & 24% of non-responders# had >1mm reduction in IVWT |
Madan et al, 2012 | AL, post-chemo /SCT | Echo | Retrospective, 148 patients | 4.25 years | 41% had >2mm reduction in IVWT or >20% improvement to EF |
Amano et al, 2017 | AL, post-chemo | Echo | Retrospective, 29 patients | 0.65 years | LV size, SVI and CI reduced and diastolic wall strain worsened in those that died compared to survivors |
Salinaro et al, 2017 | AL, post-chemo | Echo | Retrospective, 61 patients | 1 year | Improvement in apical/basal strain ratio and relative apical sparing in responders compared to non-responders# |
Tuzovic et al, 2017 | AL, post-chemo | Echo | Registry data, 41 patients | 0.25 years | No significant change in parameters |
Pun et al, 2018 | AL, post-chemo/SCT | Echo | Retrospective, 34 patients | 1 year | Small reduction in EF. Otherwise no significant change in parameters |
Hwang et al, 2020 | AL, post-chemo (26% also had SCT) | Echo | Retrospective: 38 patients; prospective: 34 patients | 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 years | Increase in mitral E/e’ ratio and decrease in GLS from 3–6 months in those who died/heart transplant |
Solomon et al, 2018 | Hereditary ATTR, post-patisiran | Echo | APOLLO trial sub-analysis, 126 patients | 0.75 and 1.5 years | Reduction in mean LV wall thickness, reduced GLS and increased cardiac output in patisiran group compared to placebo |
Zadok et al, 2020 | AL and ATTR pre-diagnosis | Echo | Retrospective, 42 AL and 33 ATTR | Upto 3 years before diagnosis | Increased wall thickening, diastolic dysfunction present >3 years, significant diastolic dysfunction and LV deterioration seen between 1–3 years before diagnosis |
Martinez-Naharro et al, 2019 | AL, post-chemo | CMR | Retrospective, 31 patients | Variable | ECV regression seen in 13 patients (92% following responsive chemotherapy), ECV correlated with improved LV mass, LA area and diastolic function parameters |
Fontana et al, 2020 | ATTR, post-patisiran (75% also diflunisal) | CMR | Retrospective, 16 patients | 0, 12 months | Significant reduction in ECV (adjusted mean difference −6.2%) |
AL: systemic amyloidosis, ATTR: transthyretin amyloidosis, SCT: stem cell transplantation,
non-responders and responders = “haematological response to chemotherapy”
IVWT: interventricular wall thickness, SV: stroke volume index, EF: ejection fraction, CI: cardiac index