Table F.2.
Examples of resistance genes in bacteria detected in fish and shellfish
| Resistant bacteria (ARBs)a | Species | Resistance genes (ARGs) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Salmonella spp. S. enterica | European eel Mussel | mcr‐1, sul1, sul2, sul3, fosA, fosA7, aadA1, aadA2, blaTEM‐1B, mph(A), tet(A), tet(B), dfrA1, dfrA12, cmlA1, aph(6)‐Id, aph(3’’)‐Ib, aac(6’)‐Iaa | Alcaide et al. (2005), Lozano‐León et al. (2019) |
| Enterococcus spp. (E. faecium, E. faecalis, E. hirae, E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum) | Rainbow trout, sea bass, sea bream | tet(M), tet(L), tet(S), erm(B), cat(pC223), cat(pC221), cat(pC194), fexB, aadE, aac(6’)‐le-aph(2’’)‐Ia (from water, sediment, trout and feed) | Di Cesare et al. (2013) |
| E. coli | Mussel | bla TEM‐1B, bla CYX‐M-15, bla CTX‐M-14, strA‐strB, dfrA5, dfrA14, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, qnrS1, tet(A), tet(B), tet(D), catA1, aac(3)‐lld, aph (3’)‐la, mph(A), aadA5. | Grevskott et al. (2017) |
| Pseudomonas spp | Carp | tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(M), tet(S), tet(T), tet(30), tet(32), tet(34), str(A), str(B), aac(6’)‐I, erm(C), erm(E), erm(F), erm(V), erm(X) (from water) | Piotrowska et al. (2017), Preena et al. (2020) |
| Aeromonas spp. (A. Salmonicida, A. sobria, A. hydophila, A.veronii) | Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, European whitefish, carp, sea bass, European eel | tet(E), tet(A), tet(D) (from gill and skin) | Schmidt et al. (2000), Alcaide et al. (2005), Čížek et al. (2010), Naviner et al. (2011), Smyrli et al. (2017), Miller and Harbottle (2018), Preena et al. (2020) |
| Vibrio spp. (V. vulnificus, V. alginolyticus, V. harveyi, V. anguillarum, V. splendidus, V. scophthalmi, V. mimicus, V. furnissii) | Mediterranean mussel, Gilthead sea bream, European eel, European sea bass, Turbot, Sole | tetA | Ripabelli et al. (2003), Alcaide et al. (2005), Rodríguez‐Blanco et al. (2012), Scarano et al. (2014), Brisabois et al. (2019), Miller and Harbottle (2018) |
| Flavobacterium spp. (Flavobacterium psychrophilum) | Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, carp | (resistance to quinolones but no qnr genes/no plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance). tet(B), tet(O), tet(T), tet(I), tet(32), str(A), aac(6’)‐I, erm(F), msr(A) | Schmidt et al. (2000), Shah et al. (2012a,b), Piotrowska et al. (2017) |
| Yersinia ruckeri | Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout | (resistance to quinolones but no qnr genes/no plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance) | Schmidt et al. (2000), Shah et al. (2012a,b), Miller and Harbottle (2018) |
| Edwardsiella spp. | European eel, European sea bass, turbot, sole, European whitefish, Sharpsnout sea bream | Phenotypic resistance to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethopirm | Katharios et al. (2015), Miller and Harbottle (2018), Buján et al. (2018) |
| Stenotrophomonas | Carp | tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(M), tet(X), tet(32), tet(34), strA, strB, aac(6’)‐I, msr(A), erm(C), erm(X) (from water) | Piotrowska et al. (2017) |
a
In bold, antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria of highest priority for public health as described in 3.2.2.