Table 3:
Baseline Characteristics of HT Patients Providing Blood Samples
| Study cohorts | HT (1wk) | HT (1mo) | HT (3mo) | HT (>6mo) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of samples (N=226) | 29 | 34 | 37 | 126 | |
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | |||||
| Age, (years) | 51.9 ± 12.4 | 51.4 ± 11.3 | 51.3 ± 11.7 | 56.5 ± 12.3 | <0.001 |
| Male | 27 (93.1%) | 31 (91.2%) | 33 (89.2%) | 104 (82.5%) | 0.31 |
| Race | 0.99 | ||||
| White | 14 (48.3%) | 16 (47.1%) | 18 (48.6%) | 65 (51.6%) | |
| Black | 10 (34.5%) | 12 (35.3%) | 13 (35.1%) | 39 (31.0%) | |
| Hispanic | 3 (10.3%) | 3 (8.8%) | 3 (8.1%) | 16 (12.7%) | |
| Other | 2 (6.9%) | 3 (8.8%) | 3 (8.1%) | 6 (4.8%) | |
| BMI, (kg/m2) Median [IQI] | NA [NA, NA] | 26.3 [22.5,28.7] | 27.1 [24.4,29.5] | 28.1 [25.5,32.4] | 0.01 |
| Smoking | 13 (44.8%) | 14 (41.2%) | 18 (48.6%) | 58 (46.0%) | 0.94 |
| Etiology, Ischemic | 11 (37.9%) | 9 (26.5%) | 13 (35.1%) | 55 (43.7%) | 0.30 |
| Hypertension | 17 (58.6%) | 21 (61.8%) | 25 (67.6%) | 108 (85.7%) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 13 (44.8%) | 13 (38.2%) | 13 (35.1%) | 54 (42.9%) | 0.81 |
| Atrial fib/flutter | 14 (48.3%) | 14 (41.2%) | 15 (40.5%) | 41 (32.5%) | 0.38 |
| Stroke | 5 (17.2%) | 7 (20.6%) | 5 (13.5%) | 15 (11.9%) | 0.59 |
| Time after HT, months Median [IQI] |
0.3 [0.2,0.3] |
0.7 [0.6,0.9] |
2.7 [1.9,3.6] |
24.2 [7.2,83.0] |
<0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||||
| BUN (mg/dl) | 30.4 ± 15.4 | 32.6 ± 13.1 | 29.6 ± 12.4 | 27.7 ± 11.9 | 0.27 |
| Serum Cr (mg/dl) | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 1.2 | 0.03 |
| Serum CysC (mg/l) | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 0.11 |
| eGFRCr (ml/min/1.73m2) | 79.3 ± 39.3 | 69.1 ± 29.9 | 64.1 ± 22.2 | 59.1 ± 34.4 | <0.001 |
| eGFRcys (ml/min/1.73m2) | 50.3 ± 24.3 | 54.5 ± 23.7 | 59.6 ± 22.1 | 54.8 ± 24.2 | 0.01 |
| Na (mmol/l) | 138.8 ± 3.1 | 139.1 ± 2.9 | 139.8 ± 3.9 | 141.5 ± 2.8 | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 24.2 ± 10.3 | 22.0 ± 11.5 | 23.0 ± 8.5 | 24.8 ± 15.3 | 0.58 |
| ALT (U/L) | 31.9 ± 28.9 | 33.4 ± 22.7 | 32.6 ± 22.5 | 22.8 ± 13.5 | 0.01 |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.34 |
| LDH (U/L) | 603.7 ± 236.4 | 391.0 ± 137.8 | 351.4 ± 125.3 | 251.1 ± 86.3 | <.0001 |
| Biomarkers | |||||
| ln-CRP (mg/L) | 2.5 ± 1.4 | 1.3 ± 1.7 | 0.4 ± 1.5 | 1.1 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
| ln-IL-6 (pg/mL) | 2.3 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 1.4 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| ln-TNF-α (pg/mL) | 0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.5 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| ln-ET-1 (pg/mL) | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.6 | 0.6 ± 0.6 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.003 |
| ln-Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 9.7 ± 0.7 | 9.6 ± 0.8 | 9.4 ± 0.6 | 9.3 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| ln-Isoprostane (pg/mL) | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 0.01 |
| ln-sCD14 (ng/mL) | 7.2 ± 0.5 | 7.2 ± 0.3 | 7.2 ± 0.3 | 7.3 ± 0.4 | 0.03 |
| LPS (EU/mL) | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.55 |
| Medications | |||||
| ASA | 8 (27.6%) | 28 (82.4%) | 35 (94.6%) | 117 (92.9%) | <0.001 |
| Coumadin | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (3.2%) | 0.55 |
| ACE inhibitors | 1 (3.4%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (6.3%) | 0.38 |
| ARB | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.7%) | 29 (23.0%) | <0.001 |
| Aldosterone Antagonists | 1 (3.4%) | 2 (5.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (2.4%) | 0.48 |
| β-blockers | 1 (3.4%) | 4 (11.8%) | 1 (2.7%) | 24 (19.0%) | 0.02 |
| Statins | 12 (41.4%) | 30 (88.2%) | 34 (91.9%) | 102 (81.0%) | <0.001 |
| Loop diuretics | 11 (37.9%) | 13 (38.2%) | 18 (48.6%) | 29 (23.0%) | 0.02 |
| Antibiotics* | 26 (89.7%) | 34 (100.0%) | 35 (94.6%) | 40 (31.7%) | <0.001 |
| Immunosuppression | |||||
| Tacrolimus | 25 (86.2%) | 31 (91.2%) | 35 (94.6%) | 100 (79.4%) | 0.08 |
| Cyclosporine | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 1 (2.7%) | 21 (16.7%) | 0.004 |
| Prednisone | 25 (86.2%) | 31 (91.2%) | 36 (97.3%) | 93 (73.8%) | 0.003 |
| Sirolimus | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.6%) | 0.66 |
| Everolimus | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (4.0%) | 0.26 |
| Mycophenolate Mofetil | 24 (82.8%) | 30 (88.2%) | 34 (91.9%) | 92 (73.0%) | 0.04 |
HT, heart transplant; BMI, body mass index; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase, LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide; Cr, Creatinine; CysC, Cystatin C; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; sCD14, soluble CD14; IL-6, interleukin-6; CRP, C-reactive protein; ET-1, endothelin-1; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; NA, not available.
Data presented n (%) or mean ± SD as appropriate, unless otherwise noted.
Antibiotic use is defined as any antibiotic use that was indicated for infection or prophylaxis as per HT protocol that was estimated to have occurred 1 month before stool collection.