TABLE 1.
Mean percentage errors (%) for T1 and T2 quantification from 5 adult subjects using 3 existing methods (i.e., template matching, template matching with SVD, and deep learning with U-Net) and the proposed method (i.e., deep learning with RCA-U-Net)
| Subject # | Template matching | Template matching with SVD | Deep learning with U-Net | Deep learning with RCA-U-Net | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 1 | 10.7 ± 3.0 | 11.3 ± 3.2 | 6.5 ± 1.9 | 7.1 ± 2.0 |
| 2 | 26.2 ± 5.0 | 28.5 ± 5.3 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | |
| 3 | 29.1 ± 5.2 | 31.5 ± 5.5 | 5.9 ± 0.8 | 5.6 ± 0.8 | |
| 4 | 8.0 ± 1.2 | 8.5 ± 1.2 | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 4.8 ± 0.6 | |
| 5 | 7.6 ± 1.8 | 8.3 ± 2.0 | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 4.3 ± 0.7 | |
| Average | 16.3 ± 10.5 | 17.6 ± 11.5 | 5.4 ± 0.8 | 5.2 ± 1.1 | |
| T2 | 1 | 27.9 ± 2.7 | 36.8 ± 3.6 | 10.2 ± 1.9 | 10.1 ± 1.9 |
| 2 | 25.4 ± 2.7 | 38.9 ± 5.1 | 8.0 ± 0.6 | 8.3 ± 0.7 | |
| 3 | 29.1 ± 4.0 | 44.2 ± 6.5 | 9.5 ± 1.0 | 9.2 ± 0.9 | |
| 4 | 25.6 ± 2.2 | 34.0 ± 2.9 | 10.4 ± 1.0 | 10.3 ± 1.0 | |
| 5 | 20.4 ± 0.9 | 27.1 ± 1.3 | 10.9 ± 0.8 | 7.5 ± 0.6 | |
| Average | 25.7 ± 3.3 | 36.2 ± 6.3 | 9.8 ± 1.1 | 9.1 ± 1.2 |
Note: The results were obtained from MRF data containing 1 spiral arm and approximately 570 time frames (1/4 of the total acquired time frames).