Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of overall survival and cancer-specific survival
| Covariates | Overall Survival | Cancer-specific Survival | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| (A) Univariate analysis | ||||
| Age, years† | 1.09 (1.04-1.15) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.04-1.17) | <0.001 |
| Sex (female vs. male) | 0.33 (0.14-0.79) | 0.013 | 0.29 (0.10-0.85) | 0.024 |
| Smoker (current/former vs. never) | 2.23 (1.05-4.74) | 0.038 | 2.52 (1.01-6.30) | 0.048 |
| ECOG PS (2 vs. 0/1) | 2.13 (0.51-8.93) | 0.300 | 0.79 (0.34-1.81) | 0.574 |
| Underweight (yes vs. no) | 1.95 (0.68-5.52) | 0.212 | 1.47 (0.35-6.24) | 0.601 |
| Resection (Segmentectomy vs. PN/L) | 0.62 (0.22-1.78) | 0.374 | 0.56 (0.17-1.91) | 0.359 |
| Histology (SQC vs. non-SQC) | 1.51 (0.99-2.29) | 0.053 | 1.32 (0.81-2.13) | 0.261 |
| Size of tumor, cm† | 1.68 (1.37-2.05) | <0.001 | 1.62 (1.30-2.23) | <0.001 |
| Nodal invasion (yes vs. no) | 2.41 (1.00-5.80) | 0.050 | 3.64 (1.45-9.09) | 0.006 |
| TNM stage (II vs. I) | 6.64 (3.35-13.16) | <0.001 | 8.77 (3.80-20.22) | <0.001 |
| Pleural invasion (PL0 vs. PL1/2/3) | 0.90 (0.41-1.99) | 0.794 | 0.91 (0.37-2.27) | 0.844 |
| Lymphatic invasion (yes vs. no) | 5.15 (2.45-10.87) | <0.001 | 5.71 (2.44-13.47) | <0.001 |
| Vascular invasion (yes vs. no) | 4.25 (1.48-12.17) | 0.007 | 4.12 (1.22-13.93) | 0.023 |
| Albumin, g/dL† | 0.20 (0.08-0.48) | <0.001 | 0.24 (0.09-0.70) | 0.009 |
| Anemia (yes vs. no) ‡ | 1.92 (0.99-3.69) | 0.052 | 1.71 (0.79-3.72) | 0.173 |
| CLR† | 1.03 (1.01-1.06) | 0.004 | 1.04 (1.01-1.06) | 0.002 |
| (B) Multivariate analysis | ||||
| Age, years† | 1.09 (1.04-1.15) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.04-1.16) | 0.002 |
| TNM stage (II vs. I) | 5.10 (2.45-10.59) | <0.001 | 6.89 (2.84-16.69) | <0.001 |
| Lymphatic invasion (yes vs. no) | 3.15 (1.45-6.86) | 0.004 | 3.16 (1.31-7.60) | 0.010 |
| CLR† | 1.04 (1.02-1.07) | 0.001 | 1.05 (1.02-1.07) | 0.002 |
† Continuous variables.
‡ The cutoff point is 12 g/dL in female patients and 13 g/dL in male patients.
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; PFP, percent FEV1 predicted; PN/L, pneumonectomy or lobectomy; PL0, tumor within the subpleural lung parenchyma or invading superficially into the pleural connective tissue; PL1, tumor invaded beyond the elastic layer; PL2, tumor invaded the pleural surface; PL3, tumor invaded any component of the parietal pleura; TNM, tumor-node-metastasis; SQC, squamous cell; CLR, CRP to lymphocyte ratio.