Effects of RV1A replication in differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cultures. Related to Fig 5. (A–E) HRV-01A replication in bronchial epithelial organoids and host response over 5 d. (A–D) Viral RNA level and ISG mRNA levels are graphed as FC from ISG level at t = 1 h (postinoculation time point). Open symbols represent ISG levels in mock-infected cultures at day 5. Each point shows mean and SD of four biological replicates per condition. Results are representative of two independent experiments. Significant difference between mock and infected at day 5 is indicated by asterisks (**, P = 0.0286, Mann–Whitney test). (E) Protein level of IFNλ1 in the basolateral media at day 5 for mock- and RV-infected cultures. Graphs show mean and SD of four biological replicates per condition (A–E). Significant difference between mock and infected at day 5 is indicated by asterisks (**, P = 0.0286, Mann–Whitney test). (F) Cell type–specific RV infection in human bronchial epithelial organoid cultures 5 d after infection with RV (HRV-01A) or mock infection. Top panel shows cell types present, and bottom panel shows cell type–specific distribution of 70 cells containing at least one viral read. (G) Expression level of entry receptors for HRV-01A (LDLR, VLDLR, and LRP5) in RV-infected (top) or in mock-treated cultures (bottom panels). (H) Cellular composition of mock- or RV-1A–infected organoids at day 5 after infection.