Table 4.
Exploratory sub-analysis to evaluate pooled effect estimates by control-type, MBI-type, and population-type (clinical versus non-clinical).
| RVE Exploratory Sub-Analysis | k (N ds) | ES (d) | 95% CI | df | p-value | Tau2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MBI vs Inactive Control | ||||||
| MBSR | ||||||
| Clinical | 16 (119) | 0.54 | (0.27, 0.81) | 15 | 0.0007 | 0.27 |
| Non-clinical | 7 (44) | 0.31 | (0.13, 0.48) | 5 | 0.0060 | 0.04 |
| MBCT | ||||||
| Clinical | 10 (52) | 0.66 | (0.43, 0.90) | 8 | 0.0002 | 0.10 |
| Non-clinical | 2 (9) | 1.91 | (−1.73, 5.57) | 1 | * | 0.36 |
| MBI vs Active Control | ||||||
| MBSR | ||||||
| Clinical | 11 (87) | 0.06 | (−0.11, 0.24) | 10 | 0.4460 | 0.19 |
| Non-clinical | 3 (17) | 0.14 | (−0.93, 1.20) | 2 | * | 0.88 |
| MBCT | ||||||
| Clinical | 5 (36) | 0.00 | (−0.49, 0.50) | 4 | * | 0.38 |
| Non-clinical | 1 (2) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Note. Effects in boldface reach statistical significance.
*
df is less than 4, which makes p-value untrustworthy (Tanner-Smith and Tipton, 2014).
CI, Confidence interval; d, Effect size (standardized mean difference, where positive values imply improvement; df, degrees of freedom; k, Number of studies; RVE, Robust variance estimation;