Table 3.
Crude and adjusted effects of microbiota at 12 months and neurodevelopment to 2 years of age
| Microbiota Cluster Group | BSID-III composite scores at 2 years of age (n = 405) |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive |
Language |
Motor |
||||||||||||
| Crude |
Adjusteda |
Crude |
Adjusteda |
Crude |
Adjusteda |
|||||||||
| Beta (95%CI) | q-value | Beta (95%CI) | q-value | Beta (95%CI) | q-value | Beta (95%CI) | q-value | Beta (95%CI) | q-value | Beta (95%CI) | q-value | |||
| Cluster 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||||||
| Cluster 2 | 4.0 (0.5, 7.5) |
0.03 | 5.3 (1.4, 9.1) |
0.01 | 2.2 (−0.8, 5.2) |
0.14 | 4.1 (1.1, 7.2) |
≤0.001 | 2.6 (0.2, 4.9) |
0.04 | 3.0 (0.4, 5.6) |
0.03 | ||
| Cluster 3 | 4.2 (0.4, 8.0) |
0.03 | 4.8 (0.8, 8.7) |
0.02 | 3.2 (0.1, 6.4) |
0.10 | 4.2 (1.1, 7.4) |
≤0.001 | 2.8 (0.3, 5.4) |
0.04 | 3.1 (0.4, 5.9) |
0.03 | ||
| BSID-III composite scores 1–2 years (n = 401) | ||||||||||||||
| Cluster 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||||||
| Cluster 2 | 3.2 (0.8, 5.7) |
0.02 | 3.8 (1.3, 6.4) |
≤0.001 | 1.9 (−0.7, 4.5) |
0.15 | 2.8 (0.3, 5.4) |
0.03 | 2.4 (0.0, 4.9) |
0.10 | 2.0 (−0.4, 4.5) |
0.14 | ||
| Cluster 3 | 3.2 (0.4, 5.6) |
0.03 | 3.4 (0.8, 6.0) |
0.02 | 2.8 (0.0, 5.6) |
0.10 | 3.2 (0.5, 5.8) |
0.03 | 1.8 (−0.7, 4.4) |
0.17 | 2.0 (−0.6, 4.5) |
0.14 | ||
Abbreviations: BSID-III: Bayley Infant Scales of Development Third Edition.
Note Analyzed by separate Generalized Linear Models and separate Linear Mixed Models with adjustments for the same covariates. The standardized population mean is 100 (standard deviation of 15). Higher scores indicate better abilities.
aCovariates include birth mode, sex, maternal ethnicity, older sibling, breastfeeding status at 6 months, family income, maternal overweight, and age at sampling.