Table 1.
Clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, CT findings, and outcomes of the study population compared between diabetics and nondiabetics
| All | Diabetic patients | Nondiabetic patients | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical variables | ||||
| Number of patients, n (%) | 1,656 | 319 (19.3) | 1,337 (80.7) | — |
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 67.2±13 | 70.9±11 | 66.3±14 | 0.001 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 540 (32.6) | 80 (25.1) | 460 (27.8) | 0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 910 (55) | 241 (75.5) | 669 (50) | 0.001 |
| Any type of coronary revascularization (stent or CABG), n (%) | 127 (7.7) | 56 (17.6) | 71 (5.3) | 0.001 |
| Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 104 (6.3) | 37 (11.6) | 67 (5) | 0.001 |
| History of atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 146 (9.2) | 47 (15) | 99 (7.7) | 0.001 |
| History of smoking, n (%) | 81 (6.5) | 23 (10.1) | 58 (5.7) | 0.017 |
| Chronic lung disease, n (%) | 166 (10) | 42 (13.2) | 124 (9.3) | 0.038 |
| History of oncological malignancy, n (%) | 86 (5.2) | 16 (5) | 70 (5.2) | 0.87 |
| Baseline laboratory results | ||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL, mean ± SD | 13.5±3.6 | 13±2 | 13.6±3.9 | 0.001 |
| White blood cells, mean ± SD | 9,973±4,548 | 10,142±4,145 | 9,932±4,641 | 0.47 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL, mean ± SD | 1.17±0.71 | 1.33±0.8 | 1.13±0.69 | 0.001 |
| CRP, mg/dL, mean ± SD | 15±16 | 14.4±13 | 16±17 | 0.15 |
| LDH, U/L, mean ± SD | 401±248 | 388±209 | 403±257 | 0.34 |
| Radiologic findings | ||||
| CAC, n (%) | 981 (59.2) | 215 (67.4) | 766 (57.3) | 0.001 |
| CAC volume, m3, mean ± SD | 323±763 | 643±1,158 | 257±634 | 0.001 |
| Thoracic aorta calcification, n (%) | 1,264 (76.3) | 264 (82.8) | 1,000 (74.8) | 0.003 |
| Aortic valve calcification, n (%) | 698 (42.1) | 177 (55.5) | 521 (39) | 0.001 |
| Pleural effusion, n (%) | 250 (15.6) | 51 (16.7) | 199 (15.3) | 0.54 |
| Pericardial effusion, n (%) | 92 (5.7) | 21 (6.7) | 71 (5.4) | 0.37 |
| Aerated lung volume, m3, mean ± SD | 2,422±1,414 | 2,244±1,286 | 2,465±1,440 | 0.012 |
| Interstitial lung involvement <25, n (%) | 505 (31.5) | 85 (27.9) | 420 (32.3) | 0.13 |
| Interstitial lung involvement 25–50, n (%) | 689 (43) | 132 (43.3) | 557 (42.9) | 0.89 |
| Interstitial lung involvement 50–75, n (%) | 319 (19.9) | 69 (22.6) | 250 (19.2) | 0.18 |
| Interstitial lung involvement >75, n (%) | 65 (4.1) | 15 (4.9) | 50 (3.8) | 0.39 |
| In-hospital outcomes | ||||
| MACEs, n (%) | 104 (11.2) | 30 (16.9) | 74 (9.8) | 0.007 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 26 (2.8) | 10 (5.6) | 16 (2.1) | 0.01 |
| Peripheral arterial embolization, n (%) | 11 (1.2) | 3 (1.7) | 8 (1.1) | 0.48 |
| Pulmonary embolism, n (%) | 53 (5.7) | 11 (6.2) | 42 (5.6) | 0.73 |
| Acute coronary syndrome, n (%) | 14 (1.5) | 6 (3.4) | 8 (1.1) | 0.022 |
| Intensive care utilization, n (%) | 797 (48.1) | 184 (57.7) | 613 (45.8) | 0.001 |
| Intubation, n (%) | 202 (12.2) | 38 (11.9) | 164 (12.3) | 0.48 |
| Intubation and fatal outcome, n (%) | 58 (3.5) | 12 (3.8) | 46 (3.5) | 0.78 |
| Hospital mortality in patients with MACEs, n (%) | 29 (3.1) | 11 (6.2) | 18 (2.4) | 0.008 |
| Hospital mortality, n (%) | 366 (22.1) | 97 (30.4) | 269 (20.1) | 0.001 |
CABG - coronary artery bypass graft; CAC - coronary artery calcium; CRP - C-reactive protein; CT - computed tomography; LDH - lactate dehydrogenase; MACE - major adverse cardiovascular event; SD - standard deviation