Table 2.

Effects of ACA Medicaid Expansion on the Likelihood of Dental Services Use among Non-elderly Adults below 138% FPL Among States Offering Extensive Dental Benefits

	N	Pre-Mean in Treatment Group	p Value of Parallel Trend Test	Effects in 2014		Effects in 2015		Effects in 2016
Panel A: Without Sampling Weights
Any Dental Visits	17864	0.185	0.158	0.074***	(0.021)	0.079***	(0.025)	0.056***	(0.019)
Any Preventive Dental Visits	17864	0.147	0.112	0.058**	(0.023)	0.053*	(0.028)	0.054**	(0.023)
Any Dental Treatment	17864	0.107	0.117	0.052**	(0.023)	0.035*	(0.020)	0.017	(0.014)
Any Minor Treatment†	17864	0.043	0.029	0.018	(0.014)	0.012	(0.010)	0.005	(0.006)
Any Major Treatment	17864	0.059	0.412	0.044**	(0.017)	0.049***	(0.015)	0.020	(0.012)
Panel B: With Sampling Weights
Any Dental Visits †	16905	0.209	0.008	0.081**	(0.034)	0.092**	(0.039)	0.062*	(0.034)
Any Preventive Dental Visits †	16905	0.170	0.029	0.081*	(0.045)	0.064	(0.049)	0.060	(0.036)
Any Dental Treatment †	16905	0.140	0.029	0.031	(0.026)	0.014	(0.024)	0.012	(0.020)
Any Minor Treatment	16905	0.069	0.445	0.009	(0.016)	0.001	(0.018)	−0.012	(0.014)
Any Major Treatment †	16905	0.067	0.003	0.043*	(0.025)	0.053**	(0.020)	0.026	(0.018)

Notes: Standard errors are in parentheses and clustered by state. These effects were estimated from the difference-in-differences model and represent the change in likelihood of use of dental services in 2014, 2015, and 2016 versus 2013 as a result of the Medicaid expansions. All regressions controlled for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, state and year fixed effects.

^*Significant at 10 percent level;

^**significant at 5 percent level;

^***significant at 1 percent level.

^†indicates that point estimates should be viewed with caution due to potential pre-trends in these outcomes that may bias the DD estimates.