Table 3.

Effects of ACA Medicaid Expansion on the Likelihood of Dental Services Use among Non-elderly Adults below 138% FPL Among States Offering Limited Dental Benefits

	N	Pre-Mean in Treatment Group	p Value of Parallel Trend Test	Effects in 2014		Effects in 2015		Effects in 2016
Panel A: Without Sampling Weights
Any Dental Visits	14903	0.182	0.149	0.082**	(0.035)	0.077**	(0.029)	0.048*	(0.025)
Any Preventive Dental Visits	14903	0.129	0.196	0.077***	(0.019)	0.067***	(0.022)	0.024	(0.020)
Any Dental Treatment	14903	0.111	0.759	0.052	(0.035)	0.036	(0.027)	0.036	(0.022)
Any Minor Treatment	14903	0.041	0.771	0.027	(0.020)	0.010	(0.013)	0.013	(0.013)
Any Major Treatment	14903	0.063	0.630	0.049*	(0.025)	0.042**	(0.017)	0.032**	(0.013)
Panel B: With Sampling Weights
Any Dental Visits †	14053	0.199	0.014	0.109***	(0.037)	0.080**	(0.032)	0.081***	(0.027)
Any Preventive Dental Visits †	14053	0.149	0.031	0.099***	(0.035)	0.062**	(0.030)	0.060*	(0.034)
Any Dental Treatment †	14053	0.117	0.070	0.058	(0.037)	0.024	(0.034)	0.053**	(0.024)
Any Minor Treatment	14053	0.048	0.337	0.045**	(0.018)	0.008	(0.020)	0.014	(0.016)
Any Major Treatment	14053	0.059	0.186	0.063*	(0.032)	0.043**	(0.017)	0.050***	(0.015)

Notes: Standard errors are in parentheses and clustered by state. These effects were estimated from the difference-in-differences model and represent the change in likelihood of use of dental services in 2014, 2015, and 2016 versus 2013 as a result of the Medicaid expansions. All regressions controlled for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, state and year fixed effects.

^*Significant at 10 percent level;

^**significant at 5 percent level;

^***significant at 1 percent level.

^†indicates that point estimates should be viewed with caution due to potential pre-trends in these outcomes that may bias the DD estimates.