Table 2.
Sample Distributions for Women by Race, Health and Retirement Study (2006 to 2014)
| Total | Black | White | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of observations (participants) | 13216 (7833) | 2072 (1416) | 11144 (6417) | |
| CRP, median (IQR), mg/L | 1.97 (3.59) | 3.03 (5.53) | 1.82 (3.27) | <.001 |
| Elevated CRP | 4848 (36.68) | 1046 (50.48) | 3802 (34.12) | <.001 |
| Demographic Background | ||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 67.67 (10.64) | 63.70 (9.57) | 68.41 (10.66) | <.001 |
| Lives in the South | 5280 (39.95) | 1198 (57.82) | 4082 (36.63) | <.001 |
| Rural residence | 7011 (53.05) | 722 (34.85) | 6289 (56.43) | <.001 |
| Socioeconomic Factors | ||||
| Less than HS education | 1510 (11.43) | 429 (20.70) | 1081 (9.70) | <.001 |
| Household income | ||||
| ≤ $20,000 | 2826 (21.38) | 840 (40.54) | 1986 (17.82) | <.001 |
| $20,001–$40,000 | 3594 (27.19) | 547 (26.40) | 3047 (27.34) | .376 |
| $40,001–$75,000 | 3354 (25.38) | 410 (19.79) | 2944 (26.42) | <.001 |
| > $75,000 | 3442 (26.04) | 275 (13.27) | 3167 (28.42) | <.001 |
| Health Insurance | ||||
| Insured | 12224 (92.49) | 1637 (79.01) | 10587 (95.00) | <.001 |
| Uninsured | 307 (2.32) | 175 (8.45) | 132 (1.18) | |
| Medicaid-only | 685 (5.18) | 260 (12.55) | 425 (3.81) | |
| Psychosocial Factors | ||||
| Not married | 5836 (44.16) | 1311 (63.27) | 4525 (40.60) | <.001 |
| Depressive symptoms, mean (SD) | 1.37 (1.92) | 1.80 (2.14) | 1.29 (1.86) | <.001 |
| Social support, mean (SD) | 2.20 (0.52) | 2.19 (0.55) | 2.20 (0.51) | .259 |
| Financial distress, mean (SD) | 0.98 (1.03) | 1.48 (1.08) | 0.89 (0.99) | <.001 |
| Everyday discrimination, mean (SD) | 0.56 (0.71) | 0.73 (0.85) | 0.53 (0.67) | <.001 |
| Neighborhood disorder, mean (SD) | 1.48 (1.36) | 2.31 (1.55) | 1.33 (1.26) | <.001 |
| Behavioral Factors | ||||
| Smoking | ||||
| Never smoked | 6783 (51.32) | 978 (47.20) | 5805 (52.09) | <.001 |
| Past smoking | 4801 (36.33) | 689 (33.25) | 4112 (36.90) | .002 |
| Current smoking | 1632 (12.35) | 405 (19.55) | 1227 (11.01) | <.001 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| No consumption | 8781 (66.44) | 1565 (75.53) | 7216 (64.75) | <.001 |
| Moderate consumption | 3865 (29.24) | 392 (18.92) | 3473 (31.16) | <.001 |
| Heavy consumption | 570 (4.31) | 115 (5.55) | 455 (4.08) | .003 |
| Physical inactivity | 2630 (19.90) | 503 (24.28) | 2127 (19.09) | <.001 |
| Physiological Factors | ||||
| Overweight/obese | 8945 (67.68) | 1739 (83.93) | 7206 (64.66) | <.001 |
| ADL limitations, mean (SD) | 0.22 (0.69) | 0.37 (0.93) | 0.19 (0.63) | <.001 |
| Cholesterol medication use | 5271 (39.88) | 804 (38.80) | 4467 (40.08) | .274 |
| Diagnoses | ||||
| Arthritis | 8790 (66.51) | 1354 (65.35) | 7436 (66.73) | .222 |
| Hypertension | 7802 (59.03) | 1562 (75.39) | 6240 (55.99) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 2469 (18.68) | 619 (29.87) | 1850 (16.60) | <.001 |
| Cancer | 1984 (15.01) | 199 (9.60) | 1785 (16.02) | <.001 |
| Pulmonary disease | 1504 (11.38) | 207 (9.99) | 1297 (11.64) | .030 |
| Heart disease | 2907 (22.00) | 453 (21.86) | 2454 (22.02) | .863 |
| Stroke | 699 (5.29) | 133 (6.42) | 566 (5.08) | .012 |
Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; HS, high school; ADL, activities of daily living.
Note. Values reported as weighted percentages, means (standard deviation [SD]), or median (interquartile range [IQR])