First-generation physician-scientists are under-represented and need better support: First-generation students, whose parents do not have baccalaureate degrees, are less likely to apply to MD-PhD programs than to MD programs, which has led to a worrying lack of diversity among physician-scientists

. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 17.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2021 May;27(5):752–755. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01352-3

Fig. 2 |. Possible solutions to social, financial, and cultural barriers faced by first-generation students interested in pursuing the MD-PhD career path.