Table 3.

Annual VAS means for primiparas and multiparas and shares of low VAS according to each period

	Primiparas			Multiparas
	2012–2016	2017–2018	P value	2012–2013	2014–2016	2017–2018	P value (2012–2013)*	P value (2014–2016)*
No of observations	34 937	11 950		16 481	24 744	14 152
Mean VAS
Crude (SE)	7.97 (0.009)	7.78 (0.015)	<0.001	8.54 (0.011)	8.60 (0.009)	8.48 (0.011)	<0.001	<0.001
Adjusted† (SE)	7.97 (0.009)	7.78 (0.015)	<0.001	8.54 (0.010)	8.60 (0.009)	8.49 (0.011)	0.007	<0.001
95% CI	7.95 to 7.99	7.77 to 7.83		8.51 to 8.56	8.58 to 8.61	8.47 to 8.52
Low VAS (1–5)	8.8%	11.4%		3.8%	3.6%	4.4%

*Reference group is the last period (2017–2018).

†Adjusted by mother’s age, body mass index before pregnancy, gestational age, fear of childbirth, partnership status and mode of delivery.

VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.