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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Comput Phys. 2021 May 18;443:110442. doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2021.110442

Figure 20:

Figure 20:

(a) A schematic of the initial setup for the freely falling steel bead (Sec. 4.4) with ρs/ρf = 7.8. Note that lengths in the schematic are not to scale. (b) Vertical velocity of the freely falling steel bead, including a comparison to the experimental data of Mordant and Pinton [98] and the numerical results of Yang and Stern [115] and Liu and Hu [116]. (c)–(e) Instantaneous wake vortex patterns illustrated as isosurfaces of the Q criterion at the time t = 0.132 s, t = 0.146 s, and t = 0.179 s, respectively.