Table 1. Characteristics of the study population.
| Group | Study1+2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subgroup | All | Healthy | Type 1 | Type 2 |
| Participants, n (%) | 50 (100) | 25 (50) | 15 (30) | 10 (20) |
| Sex (female), n (%) | 31 (62) | 19 (76) | 8 (53) | 4 (40) |
| Age (yrs), mean [SD) | 43.2 [13.5] | 40.4 [12.5] | 38.4 [12.1] | 57.3 [8.6] |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean [SD] | 26.32 [5.0] | 24.76 [4.4] | 25.26 [3.6] | 31.81 [4.7] |
| BMI classification1, n (%) | ||||
| Underweight | 1 (2) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Normal | 23 (26) | 15 (60) | 8 (53) | 0 (0) |
| Overweight | 16 (32) | 6 (24) | 5 (33) | 5 (50) |
| Obese | 10 (20) | 3 (12) | 2 (13) | 5 (50) |
| Blood group, n (%) | ||||
| O | 20 (40) | 10 (40) | 7 (47) | 3 (30) |
| A | 21 (42) | 11 (44) | 6 (40) | 4 (40) |
| B | 5 (10) | 2 (8) | 2 (13) | 1 (10) |
| AB | 4 (8) | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | 2 (20) |
| Clinical chemistry, mean [SD] | ||||
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 52.5 [24.1] | 33.6 [3.7] | 63.1 [17.5] | 83.8 [19.4] |
| Blood glucose (mM) | 8.3 [4.5] | 5.2 [1.0] | 11.1 [4.4] | 11.8 [4.7] |
| Hematocrit (x1012/L) | 4.3 [0.6] | 4.2 [0.3] | 4.7 [0.8] | 4.2 [0.5] |
| MCV (fL) | 87.6 [5.6] | 89.5 [4.1] | 86.0 [6.7] | 85.2 [5.7] |
| ESR (mm/hr) | 14.5 [18.5] | 9.8 [7.8] | 14.1 [15.8] | 26.6 [33.0] |
| Fibrinogen (g/L)2 | 3.0 [0.7] | 2.8 [0.6] | 3.00 [0.6] | 3.5 [0.9] |
| C-react. protein (mg/L) | 3.2 [4.4] | 2.5 [4.13] | 3.7 [5.5] | 4.0 [2.9] |
| Apolipoprotein B (g/L)2 | 0.9 [0.3] | 0.9 [0.2] | 0.8 [0.3] | 1.1 [0.4] |
| Triglycerides (mM) | 1.7 [1.8] | 1.2 [0.5] | 1.2 [0.6] | 3.8 [3.2] |
| Cholesterol (mM) | 5.0 [1.0] | 5.2 [0.9] | 4.7 [1.0] | 5.1 [1.4] |
| HDL-cholesterol (mM) | 1.6 [0.6] | 1.8 [0.4] | 1.7 [0.7] | 1.2 [0.2] |
| LDL cholesterol (mM)2 | 2.6 [0.9] | 2.8 [0.8] | 2.4 [0.9] | 2.3 [0.8] |
| LDL/HDL | 1.8 [0.8] | 1.7 [0.7] | 1.6 [0.8] | 2.2 [1.1] |
1 WHO BMI classification for adults BMI <18.5 (underweight), 18.5–25 (normal), 25–30 (overweight), >30 obese.
2 Missing patient parameters (see S1 Data): apolipoprotein B was not measured for all nine healthy controls in Study 1 and from one control in Study 2, fibrinogen levels for one type 1 diabetic in Study 2 was missing and LDL-cholesterol could not be measured in two type 2 diabetics in Study 2 due to high glycerol levels that interfered with measurements.