Fig 3. Pearson residuals between three genotypes at V410L in VGSC and the three phenotypes: kdr, recovered, and dead in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes exposed to permethrin.

Genotypes were determined by an allele-specific PCR to detect three genotypes: homozygote resistant = V410L/V410L, heterozygote = V410L/V410), and wild-type homozygote = V410/V410. Positive residuals in blue specify a positive association between the corresponding row and column variables. Negative residuals are in red, implying a negative association between the corresponding row and column variables.