Table 1. Associations of p16 expression with the epidemiological characteristics of the patients.
| Variables | P16 | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | Positive | ||||
| n | (%) | n | (%) | ||
| Sexa | |||||
| Male | 158 | 92.4% | 63 | 77.8% | 0.01* |
| Female | 13 | 7.6% | 18 | 22.2% | |
| Age b | |||||
| 20–29 | 1 | 6.1% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.005* |
| 30–39 | 1 | 6.1% | 3 | 3.7% | |
| 40–49 | 27 | 15.8% | 25 | 30.9% | |
| 50–59 | 54 | 31.6% | 31 | 38.3% | |
| 60–69 | 57 | 33.3% | 15 | 18.5% | |
| 70–79 | 22 | 12.9% | 6 | 7.4% | |
| 80–89 | 8 | 4.7% | 1 | 1.2% | |
| 90–99 | 1 | 0.6% | 0 | 0.0% | |
| Skin coloura | |||||
| White | 92 | 55.4 | 50 | 64.9 | 0.16 |
| Non-white | 74 | 44.6 | 27 | 35.1 | |
| Schoolinga | |||||
| Illiterate | 23 | 15.2% | 7 | 8.6% | 0.001* |
| Elementary school | 99 | 65.6% | 35 | 43.2% | |
| High school | 22 | 14.6% | 19 | 23.5% | |
| Higher | 7 | 4.6% | 20 | 24.7% | |
| Ta | |||||
| T1/T2 | 53 | 31.5% | 33 | 42.3% | 0.100 |
| T3/T4 | 115 | 68.5% | 45 | 57.7% | |
| Na | |||||
| N0 | 41 | 24.4% | 17 | 21.8% | 0.654 |
| N positive | 127 | 75.6% | 61 | 78.2% | |
| Mb | |||||
| M0 | 161 | 95.8% | 72 | 92.3% | 0.357 |
| M1 | 7 | 4.2% | 6 | 7.7% | |
| TNM staging a | |||||
| Early-stage I and II | 22 | 13.1 | 41 | 52.6% | 0.001* |
| Advanced III and IV | 146 | 86.9% | 37 | 47.4% | |
ª Analysis by the chi-squared test expressed as absolute (n) and relative (%) frequency
b Analysis by Fisher’s exact test expressed as absolute (n) and relative (%) frequency
* Statistically significant difference P ≤ 0.05