Fig 8. Receptor utilization relationship assessed by DIP competition assays with disabled insecticidal proteins.

A) Heat map indicates the assay outcomes when a native insecticidal protein at a fixed dose was challenged by a disabled protein (DIP) as a receptor binding competitor at > 25-fold molar excess; assays with concentration dependent activity loss of native protein in the presence of DIP was recorded as competition (red), whereas those of no change or no statistically significant change in activity were scored as no competition (green). Insects tested include SBL, VBC, CEW, SAW, OWB and BLAW. The native and disabled pairs beyond the testing scope in this study are highlighted in gray. B) receptor utilization model among the insecticidal proteins in the DIP assays. According to the DIP assay results, the proteins have orthogonal receptor utilization preferences in the 6 lepidopteran insects.