Table 2. Bivariate statistics on the complete-case sample (n = 8 113): Parental interest categories according to confounding and intermediate variables in (A) men and in (B) women.
| Parental interest (7-16y) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Men n(%) n = 4 075 (50%) | B. Women n(%) n = 4 056 (50%) | |||||||
| Both interested n(%) | Low/No interest n(%) | Missing n(%) | P-value* | Both interested n(%) | Low/No interest n(%) | Missing n(%) | P-value* | |
| 1912 (47.13%) | 1703 (41.98%) | 442 (10.89%) | 1906 (46.99%) | 1666 (41.07%) | 484 (11.93%) | |||
| Allostatic load (44y) | ||||||||
| Low | 930 (48.64%) | 698 (40.99%) | 165 (37.33%) | <0.001 | 989 (51.89%) | 654 (39.26%) | 181 (37.40%) | <0.001 |
| Medium | 634 (33.16%) | 578 (33.94%) | 174 (39.37%) | 555 (29.12%) | 524 (31.45%) | 156 (32.23%) | ||
| High | 348 (18.20%) | 427 (25.07%) | 103 (23.30%) | 362 (18.99%) | 488 (29.29%) | 147 (30.37%) | ||
| Prior confounders | ||||||||
| Parental SEC (birth) | ||||||||
| I & II | 564 (29.50%) | 135 (7.93%) | 49 (11.09%) | <0.001 | 526 (27.60%) | 132 (7.92%) | 48 (9.92%) | <0.001 |
| IIINM | 223 (11.66%) | 128 (7.52%) | 29 (6.56%) | 238 (12.49%) | 119 (7.14%) | 34 (7.02%) | ||
| IIIM | 801 (41.89%) | 905 (53.14%) | 207 (46.83%) | 788 (41.34%) | 876 (52.58%) | 247 (51.03%) | ||
| IV&V | 229 (11.98%) | 441 (25.90%) | 98 (22.17%) | 250 (13.12%) | 445 (26.71%) | 102 (21.07%) | ||
| Missing | 95 (4.97%) | 94 (5.52%) | 59 (13.35%) | 104 (5.46%) | 94 (5.64%) | 53 (10.95%) | ||
| Material living conditions (7y) | ||||||||
| Advantaged | 1375 (71.91%) | 930 (54.61%) | 190 (42.99%) | <0.001 | 1342 (70.41%) | 902 (54.14%) | 219 (45.25%) | <0.001 |
| Disadvantaged | 292 (15.27%) | 528 (31.00%) | 118 (26.70%) | 315 (16.53%) | 548 (32.89%) | 144 (29.75%) | ||
| Missing | 245 (12.81%) | 245 (14.39%) | 134 (30.32%) | 249 (13.06%) | 216 (12.97%) | 121 (25.00%) | ||
| Father’s level of education (7y) | ||||||||
| Left school ≥15y | 655 (34.26%) | 178 (10.45%) | 40 (9.05%) | <0.001 | 657 (34.47%) | 198 (11.88%) | 51 (10.54%) | <0.001 |
| Left school <14y | 1056 (55.23%) | 1268 (74.46%) | 250 (56.56%) | 1023 (53.67%) | 1237 (74.25%) | 279 (57.64%) | ||
| Missing | 201 (10.51%) | 257 (15.09%) | 152 (34.39%) | 226 (11.86%) | 231 (13.87%) | 154 (31.82%) | ||
| Mother’s level of education (birth) | ||||||||
| Left school ≥15y | 705 (36.87%) | 244 (14.33%) | 74 (16.74%) | <0.001 | 725 (38.04%) | 218 (13.09%) | 82 (16.94%) | <0.001 |
| Left school <14y | 1111 (58.11%) | 1376 (80.80%) | 313 (70.81%) | 1084 (56.87%) | 1359 (81.57%) | 353 (72.93%) | ||
| Missing | 96 (5.02%) | 83 (4.87%) | 55 (12.44%) | 97 (5.09%) | 89 (5.34%) | 49 (10.12%) | ||
| Reading activities (7y) | ||||||||
| Every week | 1126 (58.89%) | 747 (43.86%) | 157 (35.52%) | <0.001 | 1076 (56.45%) | 715 (42.92%) | 175 (36.16%) | <0.001 |
| Occasionally | 459 (24.01%) | 514 (30.18%) | 110 (24.89%) | 509 (26.71%) | 586 (35.17%) | 146 (30.17%) | ||
| Hardly ever | 150 (7.85%) | 224 (13.15%) | 35 (7.92%) | 134 (7.03%) | 183 (10.98%) | 39 (8.06%) | ||
| Missing | 177 (9.26%) | 218 (12.80%) | 140 (31.67%) | 187 (9.81%) | 182 (10.92%) | 124 (25.62%) | ||
| Outdoor activities (7y) | ||||||||
| Most weeks | 1615 (84.47%) | 1202 (70.58%) | 259 (58.60%) | <0.001 | 1599 (83.89%) | 1257 (75.45%) | 316 (65.29%) | <0.001 |
| Occasionally/hardly ever | 125 (6.54%) | 283 (16.62%) | 44 (9.95%) | 128 (6.72%) | 223 (13.39%) | 45 (9.30%) | ||
| Missing | 172 (9.00%) | 218 (12.80%) | 139 (31.45%) | 179 (9.39%) | 186 (11.16%) | 123 (25.41%) | ||
| Place in the sibling (7 y) | ||||||||
| Single child | 155 (8.11%) | 99 (5.81%) | 40 (9.05%) | <0.001 | 172 (9.02%) | 89 (5.34%) | 44 (9.09%) | <0.001 |
| Eldest | 612 (32.01%) | 377 (22.14%) | 79 (17.87%) | 596 (31.27%) | 377 (22.63%) | 98 (20.25%) | ||
| ≥ 2 | 975 (50.99%) | 1017 (59.72%) | 186 (42.08%) | 965 (50.63%) | 1021 (61.28%) | 218 (45.04%) | ||
| Missing | 170 (8.89%) | 210 (12.33%) | 137 (31.00%) | 173 (9.08%) | 179 (10.74%) | 124 (25.62%) | ||
| ACEs (7-16y) | ||||||||
| None | 1534 (80.23%) | 1022 (60.01%) | 165 (37.33%) | <0.001 | 1531 (80.33%) | 1037 (62.24%) | 207 (42.77%) | <0.001 |
| One or more | 287 (15.01%) | 566 (33.24%) | 179 (40.50%) | 267 (14.01%) | 541 (32.47%) | 199 (41.12%) | ||
| Missing | 91 (4.76%) | 115 (6.75%) | 98 (22.17%) | 108 (5.67%) | 88 (5.28%) | 78 (16.12%) | ||
| Health problems in childhood (7-16y) | ||||||||
| No | 1415 (74.01%) | 1260 (73.99%) | 313 (70.81%) | <0.001 | 1495 (78.44%) | 1254 (75.27%) | 353 (72.93%) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 494 (25.84%) | 435 (25.54%) | 111 (25.11%) | 409 (21.46%) | 406 (24.37%) | 114 (23.55%) | ||
| Missing | 3 (0.16%) | 8 (0.47%) | 18 (4.07%) | 2 (0.10%) | 6 (0.36%) | 17 (3.51%) | ||
| Copy-a-Design test (7y) | ||||||||
| Score: med [p25-p75] | 8[6–9] | 7[6–8] | 7[6–8] | <0.001 | 8[6–9] | 7[6–8] | 7[6–8] | <0.001 |
| Missing | 145 (30.66%) | 183 (38.69%) | 145 (30.66%) | 151 (35.28%) | 157 (36.68%) | 120 (28.04%) | ||
| Intermediate life course variables | ||||||||
| Education level (23y) | ||||||||
| A level | 685 (35.83%) | 120 (7.05%) | 50 (11.31%) | <0.001 | 662 (34.73%) | 96 (5.76%) | 59 (12.19%) | <0.001 |
| O level | 687 (35.93%) | 515 (30.24%) | 122 (27.60%) | 811 (42.55%) | 621 (37.27%) | 166 (34.30%) | ||
| No level | 289 (15.12%) | 807 (47.39%) | 184 (41.63%) | 239 (12.54%) | 724 (43.46%) | 177 (36.57%) | ||
| Missing | 251 (13.13%) | 261 (15.33%) | 86 (19.46%) | 194 (10.18%) | 225 (13.51%) | 82 (16.94%) | ||
| Malaise inventory (23y) | ||||||||
| No psychological distress | 1623 (84.88%) | 1374 (80.68%) | 339 (76.70%) | <0.001 | 1610 (84.47%) | 1237 (74.25%) | 349 (72.11%) | <0.001 |
| Psychological distress | 36 (1.88%) | 67 (3.93%) | 17 (3.85%) | 103 (5.40%) | 201 (12.06%) | 53 (10.95%) | ||
| Missing | 253 (13.23%) | 262 (15.38%) | 86 (19.46%) | 193 (10.13%) | 228 (13.69%) | 82 (16.94%) | ||
| Sense of personal control (33y) | ||||||||
| Internal | 1513 (79.13%) | 1218 (71.52%) | 302 (68.33%) | <0.001 | 1581 (82.95%) | 1222 (73.35%) | 337 (69.63%) | <0.001 |
| External | 116 (6.07%) | 169 (9.92%) | 39 (8.82%) | 146 (7.66%) | 231 (13.87%) | 74 (15.29%) | ||
| Missing | 283 (14.80%) | 316 (18.56%) | 101 (22.85%) | 179 (9.39%) | 213 (12.79%) | 73 (15.08%) | ||
| Occupational social class (33y) | ||||||||
| I & II | 926 (48.43%) | 378 (22.20%) | 114 (25.79%) | <0.001 | 745 (39.09%) | 303 (18.19%) | 125 (25.83%) | <0.001 |
| IIINM | 207 (10.83%) | 119 (6.99%) | 33 (7.47%) | 593 (31.11%) | 505 (30.31%) | 154 (31.82%) | ||
| IIIM | 363 (18.99%) | 608 (35.70%) | 132 (29.86%) | 98 (5.14%) | 122 (7.32%) | 35 (7.23%) | ||
| IV&V | 123 (6.43%) | 288 (16.91%) | 72 (16.29%) | 220 (11.54%) | 439 (26.35%) | 89 (18.39%) | ||
| Missing | 293 (15.32%) | 310 (18.20%) | 91 (20.59%) | 250 (13.12%) | 297 (17.83%) | 81 (16.74%) | ||
| Wealth (33y) | ||||||||
| Owner highest price | 422 (22.07%) | 178 (10.45%) | 60 (13.57%) | <0.001 | 447 (23.45%) | 189 (11.34%) | 63 (13.02%) | <0.001 |
| Owner high price | 400 (20.92%) | 223 (13.09%) | 62 (14.03%) | 401 (21.04%) | 219 (13.15%) | 62 (12.81%) | ||
| Owner median price | 318 (16.63%) | 287 (16.85%) | 61 (13.80%) | 366 (19.20%) | 261 (15.67%) | 92 (19.01%) | ||
| Owner lowest price | 250 (13.08%) | 351 (20.61%) | 73 (16.52%) | 239 (12.54%) | 335 (20.11%) | 89 (18.39%) | ||
| Not owner | 287 (15.01%) | 404 (23.72%) | 106 (23.98%) | 268 (14.06%) | 458 (27.49%) | 117 (24.17%) | ||
| Missing | 235 (12.29%) | 260 (15.27%) | 80 (18.10%) | 185 (9.71%) | 204 (12.24%) | 61 (12.60%) | ||
| Smoking (42y) | ||||||||
| Non-smoker | 952 (49.79%) | 631 (37.05%) | 180 (40.72%) | <0.001 | 1000 (52.47%) | 619 (37.15%) | 194 (40.08%) | <0.001 |
| Ex smoker | 468 (24.48%) | 457 (26.83%) | 113 (25.57%) | 480 (25.18%) | 384 (23.05%) | 121 (25.00%) | ||
| Smoker < 10 cig./day | 154 (8.05%) | 107 (6.28%) | 28 (6.33%) | 133 (6.98%) | 134 (8.04%) | 26 (5.37%) | ||
| Smoker 10 to 19 cig./day | 113 (5.91%) | 159 (9.34%) | 33 (7.47%) | 138 (7.24%) | 228 (13.69%) | 52 (10.74%) | ||
| Smoker more than 20 cig./day | 168 (8.79%) | 286 (16.79%) | 65 (14.71%) | 106 (5.56%) | 249 (14.95%) | 73 (15.08%) | ||
| Missing | 57 (2.98%) | 63 (3.70%) | 23 (5.20%) | 49 (2.57%) | 52 (3.12%) | 18 (3.72%) | ||
| Alcohol consumption (42y) | ||||||||
| Moderate | 1143 (59.78%) | 821 (48.21%) | 219 (49.55%) | <0.001 | 1312 (68.84%) | 975 (58.52%) | 273 (56.40%) | <0.001 |
| Abstinent | 232 (12.13%) | 320 (18.79%) | 110 (24.89%) | 421 (22.09%) | 538 (32.29%) | 167 (34.50%) | ||
| High | 480 (25.10%) | 500 (29.36%) | 90 (20.36%) | 124 (6.51%) | 101 (6.06%) | 26 (5.37%) | ||
| Missing | 57 (2.98%) | 62 (3.64%) | 23 (5.20%) | 49 (2.57%) | 52 (3.12%) | 18 (3.72%) | ||
| Physical activity (42y) | ||||||||
| Active | 1305 (68.25%) | 1036 (60.83%) | 276 (62.44%) | <0.001 | 1282 (67.26%) | 1026 (61.58%) | 294 (60.74%) | <0.001 |
| Moderate | 207 (10.83%) | 134 (7.87%) | 39 (8.82%) | 155 (8.13%) | 112 (6.72%) | 31 (6.40%) | ||
| Inactive | 342 (17.89%) | 471 (27.66%) | 104 (23.53%) | 420 (22.04%) | 475 (28.51%) | 141 (29.13%) | ||
| Missing | 58 (3.03%) | 62 (3.64%) | 23 (5.20%) | 49 (2.57%) | 53 (3.18%) | 18 (3.72%) | ||
Abbreviations and symbols: n = number of people; med = median; p25 = 25e percentile; p75 = 75e percentile; statistically significant results at the 5% threshold are in bold. Values corresponding to the categories of allostatic load: Low: [0–2]; Medium: [3–4]; High: [5–12].
*P-values were calculated using the chi-squared test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon signed-rank test for the continuous variable.