. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 17.

Published in final edited form as: Stat Methods Med Res. 2016 Dec 22;27(8):2279–2293. doi: 10.1177/0962280216680240

Table 1.

Results from simulation study under scenario 1. Presented are the simulation estimates, Monte-Carlo standard errors (SE), and estimated robust standard errors ( $\hat{SE}$ )

	β₀ = 50			β₁ = 1			β₂ = 1
Method	Est.	SE	$\hat{SE}$	Est.	SE	$\hat{SE}$	Est.	SE	$\hat{SE}$
CSEM	49.9	0.63	0.66	0.99	0.15	0.16	1.00	0.13	0.13
TEM	50.5	0.38	0.38	0.82	0.10	0.11	0.75	0.10	0.11
Ignore	48.1	0.09	0.09	0.54	0.09	0.09	0.73	0.09	0.09
Exclude	46.8	0.13	0.13	0.63	0.13	0.13	0.97	0.13	0.13
Adjust (A)	46.8	0.12	0.13	0.39	0.09	0.09	0.72	0.09	0.09
Adjust (B)	46.8	0.13	0.13	0.63	0.13	0.13	0.97	0.13	0.13
IV	52.5	1.20	1.19	1.04	0.18	0.18	0.78	0.12	0.12