Table 2.
Host and foreign lectins that bind to intestinal epithelial glycans
| Lectin type | Lectin | Ligand |
|---|---|---|
| Host lectins | ||
| R-type lectin | ppGalNAcT | GalNAα1-Ser/Thr |
| L-type lectin | Calnexin and calreticulin | Monoglucosylated high-mannose N-glycans |
| ERGIC-53, VIP36, and VIPL | High-mannose N-glycans | |
| P-type lectin | Mannose-6-phosphate receptor | Mannose-6-phosphate on N-glycans |
| C-type lectin | Dectin-1/2 | β-glucan, high-mannose N-glycan |
| Mannose receptor | α-linked mannose on microorganisms or mucins | |
| Macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) | GalNAc | |
| Siglec 5, Siglec 14 and Siglec 15 | SialylTn | |
| Siglec-7 | α2,8-linked disialic acid | |
| Siglec-9 | 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x | |
| S-type lectin | Galectins | LacNAc (Galβ1,4GlcNAc) |
| Foreign lectins | ||
| Plant | Peanut agglutinin | GalGalNAα1-Ser/Thr |
| Viruses | Influenza, adenovirus, reovirus, rotavirus, murine respirovirus, polyomavirus | Sialic acid |
| VP8 (rotavirus) | Non-sialyl type 1 or 2 chains on O-glycans or N-glycans | |
| HSV, HIV, dengue, foot and mouth disease | Heparan sulfate | |
| Bacteria | Vibrio cholerae sialidase | Sialic acid |
| E. coli FimH | Mannose | |
| Enterotoxigenic E. coli F17-G adhesin | GlcNAc | |
| Bacterioides, Clostridium, E. coli, Lactobacillus | Galabiose (Galα1,4Gal) | |
| F. nucleatum Fap2 | GalGalNAα1-Ser/Thr | |
| Borrelia burgdorferi ErpG | Heparan sulfate | |
| Campylobacter jejuni flagella/LPS | H-antigen (Fucα1,2Galβ1,4GlcNAcβ), | |
| E. coli K99 fimbriae | GM3(Neu5Gc) (Neu5Gcα2,3Galβ1,4Glc-Cer) | |
| Helicobacter pylori BabA | Sialyl Lewis x | |
| Helicobacter pylori SabA | Lewis b | |
| Toxins | Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA1 | Galactose |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA2 | Fucose or mannose | |
| Clostridioides difficile toxin A | GalNAcβ1,3Galβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,3Galβ1,4GlcβCer | |
| E. coli heat-labile toxin | GM1 | |
| Shigella dysenteriae Shiga toxin | Galα1,4GalβCer or Galα1,4Galβ1,4GlcβCer | |
| Vibrio cholerae cholera toxin | Galβ1,3GalNAc of GM1 | |
| Parasites | Entamoeba histolytica 260-kDa lectin | Gal/GalNAc |
| Trypanosoma cruzi surface ‘mucins’ | NeuAc, heparan sulfate | |
| Cryptosporidium parvum lectin p30 | Gal/GalNAc | |
| Giardia lamblia | Mannose | |
| Toxoplasma gondii TgMIC1 | NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,4GlcNAc | |