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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Birth Defects Res. 2021 Feb 15;113(8):644–659. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1878

TABLE A3.

Insurance coverage of hospitalized patients by diagnostic subgroup, race/ethnicity, age, and time periods relevant to the Affordable Care Act implementation, 2007–2016, National Inpatient Sample

% uninsured (95% CI)
Subgroup Overall Pre-ACA Early ACA Full ACA
Congenital heart disease
 NH-White
  18–25 y 7.3 (6.6, 8.0) 9.3 (7.7, 10.9) 7.4 (6.2, 8.6) 5.3 (4.3, 6.2)
  26–64 y 6.2 (5.9, 6.5) 6.2 (5.6, 6.8) 7.5 (7.0, 7.9) 4.9 (4.5, 5.2)
 NH-Black
  18–25 y 12.5 (10.4, 14.6) 15.4 (10.2, 20.6) 13.5 (10.6, 16.4) 9.0 (6.4, 11.7)
  26–64 y 11.1 (10.3, 11.9) 12.9 (11.2, 14.7) 12.4 (11.1, 13.8) 8.5 (7.6, 9.4)
 Hispanic
  18–25 y 12.6 (10.5, 14.7) 13.9 (9.4, 18.5) 14.9 (10.9, 18.9) 9.3 (6.7, 11.9)
  26–64 y 14.6 (13.1, 16.1) 13.9 (10.7, 17.1) 17.1 (14.7, 19.6) 12.5 (11.1, 14.0)
Sickle cell disease
 NH-White
  18–25 y 8.4 (5.4, 11.4) 10.5 (4.0, 16.9) 7.4 (2.9, 11.8) 7.1 (3.0, 11.1)
  26–64 y 8.1 (6.5, 9.7) 5.5 (2.9, 8.1) 11.1 (8.0, 14.2) 7.2 (4.9, 9.5)
 NH-Black
  18–25 y 6.0 (5.5, 6.4) 7.6 (6.6, 8.7) 5.7 (5.1, 6.3) 4.7 (4.2, 5.2)
  26–64 y 5.0 (4.6, 5.3) 6.1 (5.3, 7.0) 4.8 (4.5, 5.2) 4.1 (3.8, 4.5)
 Hispanic
  18–25 y 6.9 (4.9, 8.8) 7.7 (3.6, 11.7) 8.2 (5.3, 11.1) 4.5 (2.7, 6.3)
  26–64 y 7.8 (6.4, 9.3) 7.2 (4.2, 10.1) 9.1 (6.5, 11.7) 7.2 (5.6, 8.8)
Cystic fibrosis
 NH-White
  18–25 y 2.1 (1.8, 2.5) 2.7 (1.9, 3.5) 2.1 (1.6, 2.5) 1.6 (1.2, 2.1)
  26–64 y 1.8 (1.4, 2.2) 2.1 (1.3, 2.9) 2.0 (1.4, 2.6) 1.3 (1.0, 1.6)
 NH-Black
  18–25 y 3.2 (1.6, 4.9) 4.3 (1.0, 7.5) 3.8 (0.9, 6.7) 1.6 (0.0, 3.3)
  26–64 y 4.0 (2.4, 5.6) 3.3 (0.4, 6.2) 5.6 (2.3, 9.0) 2.8 (0.9, 4.7)
 Hispanic
  18–25 y 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) 0.3 (0.0, 1.0) 2.5 (0.6, 4.4) 2.8 (0.9, 4.6)
  26–64 y 5.1 (3.1, 7.2) 4.6 (0.1, 9.2) 8.3 (4.2, 12.3) 2.9 (0.8, 5.0)
Other
 NH-White
  18–25 y 14.8 (14.4, 15.3) 18.0 (17.2, 18.9) 16.0 (15.5, 16.5) 9.8 (9.5, 10.1)
  26–64 y 9.1 (8.9, 9.3) 9.4 (8.9, 9.8) 10.5 (10.2, 10.8) 7.3 (7.1, 7.4)
 NH-Black
  18–25 y 20.0 (19.2, 20.8) 23.7 (22.0, 25.5) 21.0 (20.1, 22.0) 15.4 (14.7, 16.1)
  26–64 y 12.0 (11.4, 12.6) 13.5 (12.2, 14.7) 12.9 (12.2, 13.6) 9.6 (9.2, 10.1)
 Hispanic
  18–25 y 21.6 (20.6, 22.6) 25.6 (23.5, 27.8) 23.5 (22.4, 24.7) 15.4 (14.6, 16.1)
  26–64 y 16.2 (15.2, 17.2) 16.9 (14.6, 19.3) 18.0 (16.8, 19.1) 13.5 (12.8, 14.2)

Footnote: Uninsured includes self-pay and no charge. Other includes payer types not included in the specified groups; examples include worker’s compensation, Indian Health Service, CHAMPUS/VA. Era of the Affordable Care Act was assigned based on each hospitalizations discharge date: Pre-ACA, 01/01/2007 – 6/30/2010; Early ACA, 07/01/2010 – 12/31/2013; Full ACA, 01/01/2014 – 12/31/2016.