Fig. 4.

Genotoxicity in HCT116 cells. DNA damage measured by Micronucleus frequency in HCT116 p53-/- and HCT116 p53+/+ cells induced by (A) HCT116 p53-/- treated with TNF-α dose range of (0.01-100 pg/mL) and (B) HCT116 p53-/- treated with BaP dose range of (0.1, 1,10μM) and PhIP dose range of (1-100μM), (C) HCT116 p53+/+ treated with BaP and PhIP. Statistically Significant differences are shown for comparisons between treated samples Vs. vehicle (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001). Significance was calculated using one-way ANOVA with a Dunnett test (GraphPad Prism 8). The data are presented as SEM from three independent cultures.