Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients in the algorithm development and internal and external validation sets
|
Development sample |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birmingham EIS (n=352) | CAMEO EIS (n=299) | Pooled development sample (n=651) | SLaM EIS external validation sample (n=510) | ALSPAC risk of psychosis sensitivity analysis sample (n=505) | ||
| Age, years | 23·76 (4·90) | 25·42 (4·77) | 24·52 (4·91) | 24·45 (4·75) | 17·81 (0·43) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| White European or not recorded | 111 (32%) | 250 (84%) | 361 (55%) | 154 (30%) | 494 (98%) | |
| Black or African-Caribbean | 94 (27%) | 15 (5%) | 109 (17%) | 250 (49%) | <5 (<1%)* | |
| Asian or other | 147 (42%) | 34 (11%) | 181 (28%) | 106 (21%) | <5 (<1%)* | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 232 (66%) | 208 (70%) | 440 (68%) | 351 (69%) | 184 (36%) | |
| Female | 120 (34%) | 91 (30%) | 211 (32%) | 159 (31%) | 321 (64%) | |
| HDL concentration, mmol/L | 1·76 (0·35) | 2·08 (0·49) | 1·88 (0·57) | 1·57 (0·37) | 1·21 (0·31) | |
| Triglycerides concentration, mmol/L | 1·46 (1·18) | 1·30 (0·89) | 1·39 (1·06) | 1·23 (0·71) | 1·06 (0·77) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22·06 (5·13) | 24·01 (5·73) | 23·63 (5·43) | 22·96 (6·94) | 23·22 (3·55) | |
| FPG, mmol/L | 5·20 (1·02) | 5·17 (1·45) | 5·19 (1·28) | 5·03 (1·10) | 5·31 (0·49) | |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 121·18 (11·04) | 119·88 (12·25) | 120·65 (11·68) | 119·96 (13·70) | 115·10 (11·88) | |
| Metabolically active antipsychotics† | 239 (68%) | 216 (72%) | 455 (70%) | 472 (93%) | 58 (11%) | |
| Current smoker | 182 (52%) | 133 (44%) | 315 (48%) | 469 (92%)‡ | 286 (57%) | |
| Follow-up, years | 2·44 (1·54) | 1·43 (1·03) | 1·86 (1·32) | 2·73 (1·76) | 5·18 (0·39) | |
| Time of predictor assessment from EIS enrolment, days | 23·55 (25·44) | 21·93 (29·84) | 16·71 (26·38) | 3·05 (36·01) | § | |
| Metabolic syndrome at baseline¶ | 31/383 (8%) | 18/317 (6%) | 49/700 (7%) | 30/540 (6%) | 22/527 (4%) | |
| Metabolic syndrome at follow-up | 74 (21%) | 35 (12%) | 109 (17%) | 86 (17%) | 76 (15%) | |
Data are mean (SD), number (%), or n/N (%). Some percentags do not add up to 100 because of rounding. ALSPAC=Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. BMI=body-mass index. BP=blood pressure. CAMEO=Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Assessing, Managing and Enhancing Outcomes. EIS=early intervention service. FPG=fasting plasma glucose. SLaM=South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust.
Reported as <5 owing to ALSPAC reporting guidelines.
Listed in the appendix (p 11).
Smoking status was derived using the CRIS-IE-Smoking application using natural language processing software to extract ever smoking status information from open-text fields (appendix p 6).
Health record and service use data are not available in ALSPAC.
N numbers are the sample size before excluding cases with metabolic syndrome at baseline.