Fig. 1.

The expression and activity of IDO1 are upregulated in the hypertrophic heart in humans and mice. a RT-qPCR analysis of the expression of IDO1 mRNA in control and hypertrophic hearts in humans. n = 5 in each group. **p < 0.01 by Student’s t test. IDO1, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1. b Western blot analysis of the expression of IDO1 protein in control and hypertrophy hearts in humans. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. n = 3 in each group. **p < 0.01 by Student’s t test. c qRT-PCR shows the expression of Ido1 in control and hypertrophic hearts in mice. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by subcutaneously chronic infusion of Ang II (1.3 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. n = 5 in each group. **p < 0.01 by Student’s t test. d Western blot shows the expression of Ido1 protein level in control and hypertrophic hearts in the mouse. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by subcutaneously chronic infusion of Ang II (1.3 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. n = 5 in each group. **p < 0.01 by Student’s t test. e IDO1 activity increases in hypertrophic hearts in (c). n = 5 in each group. **p < 0.01 by Student’s t test. f Level of IDO1 downstream metabolite kynurenine (KYN). n = 5 in each group. **p < 0.01 by Student’s t test