Table 3.
Comparisons between arms of treatment for the primary cognitive outcome (MoCA) and for the secondary cognitive and functional outcomes
| Score range | Arm 1 n = 24 |
Arm 2 n = 24 |
P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 months | Baseline | 12 months | |||
| MoCA | ||||||
| Loss ≥ 2 points | 7 (29%) | 7 (29%) | 1.000 | |||
| Adjusted score | 0–30 | 19.9 ± 3.2 | 19.1 ± 3.8 | 18.1 ± 4.6 | 18.2 ± 5.1 | 0.232 |
| Δs# | − 0.82 ± 2.5 | 0.05 ± 3.7 | 0.342 | |||
| RAVL (immediate) | ||||||
| Stable/better* | 58% | 79% | 0.119 | |||
| Adjusted score | 0–75 | 32.7 ± 7.2 | 35.6 ± 9.8 | 35.8 ± 9.4 | 37.0 ± 8.5 | 0.352 |
| Δs# | 2.9 ± 5.5 | 1.3 ± 7.4 | 0.378 | |||
| RAVL (recall) | ||||||
| Stable/better* | 83% | 79% | 0.712 | |||
| Adjusted score | 0–15 | 6.3 ± 2.5 | 6.6 ± 3.0 | 6.9 ± 3.0 | 7.4 ± 2.7 | 0.350 |
| Δs# | 0.3 ± 1.7 | 0.4 ± 2.2 | 0.830 | |||
| Symbol Digit Modalities Test | ||||||
| Stable/better* | 83% | 79% | 0.712 | |||
| Adjusted score | 0–110 | 35.5 ± 8.3 | 35.8 ± 9.9 | 37.3 ± 8.5 | 34.9 ± 7.2 | 0.861 |
| Δs# | 0.3 ± 6.6 | − 2.4 ± 7.3 | 0.223 | |||
| Color Word Stroop Test | ||||||
| Stable/better* | 85% | 82% | 0.782 | |||
| Adjusted score | Time (s) | 41.3 ± 47.1 | 54.7 ± 69.0 | 36.3 ± 27.1 | 45 ± 42.9 | 0.579 |
| Δs# | − 13.4 ± 36.1 | − 8.7 ± 44.5 | 0.694 | |||
| TMT part A | ||||||
| Stable/better* | 61% | 70% | 0.536 | |||
| Adjusted score | Time (s) | 62.1 ± 55.7 | 70.1 ± 51.9 | 58.6 ± 44.9 | 70.8 ± 35.5 | 0.751 |
| Δs# | − 7.9 ± 39.3 | − 12.1 ± 46.6 | 0.751 | |||
| TMT part B | ||||||
| Stable/better* | 65% | 56% | 0.546 | |||
| Adjusted score | Time (s) | 121 ± 54.5 | 95.7 ± 37.1 | 68.9 ± 36.7 | 78.9 ± 66.1 | 0.256 |
| Δs# | 25.3 ± 38.2 | − 9.9 ± 72.5 | 0.306 | |||
| DAD | ||||||
| Stable/better* | 95% | 80% | 0.185 | |||
| Percentage score | 0–100 | 83.6 ± 18.5 | 83.4 ± 22.7 | 86.5 ± 21.8 | 79.91 ± 25.2 | 0.957 |
| Δs# | − 0.19 ± 12.2 | − 6.62 ± 17.3 | 0.149 | |||
| CES-D | ||||||
| Total score | 0–60 | 14.7 ± 10.7 | 13.7 ± 7.6 | 13.3 ± 10.4 | 15.1 ± 9.0 | 10.000 |
| Δs# | 1 ± 9.3 | − 1.7 ± 8.4 | 0.289 | |||
| SA-SIP30 | ||||||
| Percentage score | 0–100 | 32.3 ± 22.8 | 27.3 ± 22.9 | 27.2 ± 20.7 | 28.6 ± 18.9 | 0.734 |
| Δs# | 5 ± 18.4 | − 1.4 ± 14.1 | 0.181 | |||
| ADL | ||||||
| Preserved items | 0–6 | 5.6 ± 0.9 | 5.4 ± 1.3 | 5.7 ± 0.7 | 5.5 ± 1.2 | 0.780 |
| IADL | ||||||
| Impaired items | 0–8 | 3.4 ± 2.9 | 3.3 ± 3.2 | 2.8 ± 2.5 | 3.0 ± 2.6 | 0.578 |
ADL Activities of Daily Living, CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, DAD Disability Assessment in Dementia, IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, RAVL Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, SA-SIP30 Stroke Adapted-Sickness Impact Profile 30, TMT Trail Making Test
*Percentages of patients having a stable or better evaluation (clinical significance approach); Chi-square tests
#A positive Δ score indicates improvement (Δs approach); independent sample t tests