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. 2021 Jun 17;11:12763. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91928-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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mRNA and protein expression levels of EMT-related molecules, regulator of cell proliferation, and target of statins in TGF-β (−) and TGF-β (+) groups. Real-time PCR analyses of expression of (A) E-cadherin, (B) N-cadherin, (C) vimentin, (D) c-Myc, and (E) HMGCR genes after the start of TGF-β1 incubation. Cells incubated with PBS are designated as TGF-β1 (−). Data are normalized to 18S rRNA levels in each sample and expressed as values relative to those of the internal control. The measurement values for each group are compared using the Bonferroni-Dunn post-hoc test. Mean ± SD, n = 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, n.s. not significant. (F) Western blot analysis of the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, c-Myc, and HMGCR after induction with TGF-β1. GAPDH expression is used as the loading control. Representative images from three independent experiments are shown.