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. 2021 Jun 17;11:12740. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91809-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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BLI of ACE2(WT) or Triple Decoy for mutated RBD and inhibition in the neutralization assay. (a–r) BLI of WT or Triple Decoy ACE2 to WT or mutated S RBD are shown side-by-side. (s) The percent inhibition of RBD binding to ACE2 in the surrogate neutralization assay is shown for the ACE2 Triple Decoy with S RBD WT and listed variants. RBD concentrations were 25 μg/mL. The negative control is no decoy. Inhibition of ≥ 30% (dashed line) correlates with neutralization of the virus. Data graphed as mean with SEM. Statistics: one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc analysis comparing Triple Decoy binding to RBD WT/variants. For RBD K417N vs WT, p = 0.0495; vs L452R, p = 0.0451; and vs E484K/K417N/N501Y, p = 0.0128.