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. 2021 Jun 17;6:35. doi: 10.1038/s41536-021-00144-0

Fig. 3. Human stem cells’ (hSCs) strategies for tissue-engineered skin substitutes (TESSs).

Fig. 3

Different sources of hSCs could be (i) differentiated in vitro to the main cutaneous lineages and then, uses to fabricate artificial skin; (ii) embedded directly into dermal scaffolds and engrafted to achieve an in vivo differentiation; or (iii) combined with human keratinocytes and fibroblasts to benefit from their own angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties. hSSCs human skin stem cell, hiPSCs human-induced pluripotent stem cells, hMSCs human mesenchymal stem cells. Created with BioRender.com.