. 2021 Jun 17;12:3732. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23554-6

Table 1.

Assumptions for CDR technologies in this analysis.

	BECCS	DAC
Capital cost	$5870/kW ($568/t-CO₂/year net removal capacity)	$614/t-CO₂/year net removal capacity
Investment lifetime	60 years	30 years
Fuel cost	Based on FASOM-GHG model	Electricity prices are calculated endogenously in model; natural gas prices are scenario specific
CO₂ intensity	−1.18 t-CO₂/MWh	N/A
Biomass use	14.8 MMBtu/MWh	N/A
Electricity use	N/A	0.3 MWh/t-CO₂
Natural gas use	N/A	5.6 MMBtu/t-CO₂
Fixed O&M cost	$177/kW/year ($17.1/t-CO₂/year)	$41/t-CO₂/year net removal capacity
Variable O&M cost	$19.4/MWh ($16.4/t-CO₂/year) excluding fuel and CO₂ transport/storage	$8/t-CO₂ excluding heat, electricity, and CO₂ transport/storage
Availability factor	Monthly values range from 60 to 80%	90%
CO₂ transport/storage cost	Endogenous; varies by location	Endogenous; varies by location
Electricity coproduct	0.85 MWh/t-CO₂	N/A

Reference BECCS assumptions are based on Johnson and Swisher³², and DAC assumptions are based on Larsen et al.³¹. All values are expressed in 2018 US dollars. DAC parameters are normalized to net removal at the plant per metric ton of CO₂.