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. 2021 Jun 17;12:3709. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24110-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a, b Subclustering of keloid and normal scar fibroblasts (cells from clusters C2, C4, C8, C14, and C15 shown in Fig. 1) further identified 13 distinct subtypes. Color-coded UMAP plot is shown and each fibroblast subcluster (sC1 through sC13) is defined on the right. KF: keloid fibroblasts, NS: normal scar fibroblasts. c Cell proportions of fibroblast subclusters in keloids and normal scars. Cells of sC4 were significantly increased in keloid samples compared to normal scar samples. d Unsupervised hierarchical clustering showing relatedness of fibroblast subclusters (Euclidean distance metric, average linkage). e Keloid and normal scar fibroblasts could be divided into 4 subpopulations: secretory-papillary, secretory-reticular, mesenchymal, and pro-inflammatory. f The proportions of 4 fibroblast subpopulations in keloid and normal scar. g Violin plots showing representative differentially expressed genes between keloid mesenchymal fibroblasts and normal scar mesenchymal fibroblasts. h GO Biological Process enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in mesenchymal fibroblasts between keloid and normal scars. i GSEA enrichment plots for representative signaling pathways upregulated in keloid mesenchymal fibroblasts compared to normal scars.