Fig. 3. Implantable chamber and imaging apparatus.

a Implantable titanium chamber in non-imaging configuration enabled observation through a glass window if the cap is removed. The glass window enabled long-term application of antibiotics and drugs to help maintain the health of the tissue margin. b During imaging, the cap and glass window were removed, and a temporary stabilizer is placed inside the chamber to restrict tissue motion via gentle downwards pressure on the surface of cortex. c, d While imaging, the implant was stabilized using three-point fixation to reduce motion of the tissue to micron levels. e Widefield imaging was performed using a custom microscope (see “Methods” section). f During 2P imaging, a macaque sat in a standard primate chair in front of a stimulus display screen. The 2P imaging system is placed in a cantilevered position off the edge of the optical table to access the primate’s motor cortex.