. 2021 Jun 4;8:670457. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.670457

Table 1.

Selected studies assessing incidence and impact of PPM after TAVI.

Study	N	Device	Incidence of moderate PPM (%)	Incidence of severe PPM (%)	Impact of moderate PPM on mortality	Impact of severe PPM on mortality
Intra-annular BEV
PARTNER IA trial (67)^**	304	Sapien	27	20	HR (95% CI) = 1.10 (0.67–1.80)	HR (95% CI) = 0.58 (0.30–1.13)
PARTNER IA NRCA registry (67)^*	1,637	Sapien	30	14	HR (95% CI) = 0.94 (0.69–1.29)	HR (95% CI) = 1.20 (0.81–1.78)
PARTNER II S3i cohort (68)^*	765	Sapien 3	36 18 (CT)	96 (CT)	Any PPM vs. no PPM HR (95% CI) = 0.68 (0.39–1.17) Any PPM vs. no PPM HR (95% CI) = 0.60 (0.30–1.24)
PARTNER III trial (69)^*	496	Sapien 3	29	5	HR (95% CI) = 0.95 (0.60–1.50)	HR (95% CI) = 1.31 (0.60–2.86)
Supra-annular SEV
CoreValve US High Risk trial (70)^*	390	CoreValve	19	7	-	Severe PPM vs. no severe PPM log-rank p = 0.24
Evolut Low Risk trial (71)^*	722	Evolut R (74%), Evolut PRO (22%), CoreValve (4%)	10	1	-	-
BEV + SEV
STS/TVT ACC registry (72)^*	62,125	-	25	12	HR (95% CI) = 1.00 (0.93–1.07)	HR (95% CI) = 1.19 (1.09–1.31)
Swiss TAVI registry (73)^*	448	Sapien, Sapien XT and Sapien 3 (50%)CoreValve and Evolut R (50%)	31 (BEV)27 (SEV)	16 (BEV)7 (SEV)	HR (95% CI) = 0.96 (0.42–2.23) for CV mortality	HR (95% CI) = 1.6 (0.59–4.34) for CV mortality
OCEAN TAVI registry (74)^*	1,546	Sapien XT (82%), Sapien 3 (9%), CoreValve (9%)	9	1	Any PPM vs. no PPM log-rank p = 0.41
Registry by Schofer et al. (38)^***	1,309		23	13	Severe PPM vs. moderate PPM vs. no PPM log-rank p = 0.59
		Intra-annular BEV (49%)	25	11		HR (95% CI) = 1.89 (1.13–3.16) if LVEF <40%
		Supra-annular SEV (21%)	14	4
		Intra-annular SEV (12%)	13	24
		Cusp-fixating SEV (12%)	42	25
		Infra-annular mechanically-expandable THV (5%)	19	13
		Non-metallic THV (0.2%)	33	0
Registry by Ternacle et al. (27)^*	1,088	Sapien (17%), Sapien XT (39%) and Sapien 3 (27%), CoreValve (4%), Evolut R (13%)	27	17	HR (95% CI) = 1.38 (0.92–2.06)	HR (95% CI) = 1.02 (0.60–1.72)
			10 (predicted)	1 (predicted)	Any PPM vs. no PPM HR (95% CI) = 1.22 (0.67–2.23)

BEV, ballon-expandable valve; CI, confidence interval; CT, computed tomography; CV, cardiovascular; HR, hazard ratio; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PPM, prosthesis-patient mismatch; SEV, self-expandable valve.

If not otherwise stated, the reported results are for the following comparisons: moderate PPM vs. no PPM, severe PPM vs. no PPM.