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. 2021 Jun 4;12:670216. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670216

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Copyright © 2021 Zhu, Guo, Sun, Wang and Zhou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Root inoculation with L. fusiformis Cr33 reduced Cd toxicity in tomato plants. Three-weeks-old tomato plants cultured in the split-root systems were inoculated with or without Cr33 for 3 d. Then, these plants were exposed to 0 or 100 μM Cd with or without Cr33 for 10 and 20 d, respectively. These plants were used to analyze Fv/Fm (A), ΦPSII (B), Fv/Fm images (C), chloroplast ultrastructure (chl, chloroplast; gra, grana) (D), shoot and root Cd content (E), root Cd localization (F), total Fe content (G), root apoplastic (ApoFe) and soluble Fe (SoFe) (H). Asterisks indicated significant differences between the control and inoculated plants (n = 8 biological replicates) using Student’s test (ns, not significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01).