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. 2021 Jun 4;12:670216. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670216

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Copyright © 2021 Zhu, Guo, Sun, Wang and Zhou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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L. fusiformis Cr33-released acetic acid conferred the increased availability of rhizospheric Fe and Cd, and Cd resistance in tomato plants. (A) The bioavailability of rhizospheric Fe and Cd was quantified after 2 weeks of soil drench with Cr33. Asterisks indicated significant differences between the non-inoculated (control) and inoculated plants (n = 8 biological replicates) using Student’s t-test (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01). (B–F) Three-weeks-old tomato plants were cultured in the split-root systems containing 100 μM Cd with or without Cr33 or its mutant strains (mCr33-1 and -2) for 20 d. These plants were used to analyze root acetic acid content (B), shoot phenotypes (C), Fv/Fm images (D), shoot and root Cd content (E), and root Cd localization (F). Different letters indicated significant differences among different experimental groups (n = 8 biological replicates) using Duncan’s multiple range test at p < 0.05.