TABLE 1.

Key finding from studies using MSCs to treat colon cancer.

Author	Isolation	Tumor model	Findings
Tumor promoting
Wang et al., 2015	Human BMD-MSC	Subcutaneous xenograft ± coinjected MSC	Secretion of IL-8 by MSCs promotes tumor growth
Widder et al., 2016	Human BMD-MSC	Subcutaneous xenograft ± coinjected MSC	Secretion of β1-integrity by CRC participates in the effect of MSCs
Mele et al., 2014	Human BMD-MSC	Subcutaneous xenograft ± coinjected MSC	MSCs triggered EMT, mediated by TGF-β expressed on MSCs
De Boeck et al., 2013	Human BMD-MSC	Subcutaneous xenograft ± coinjected MSC	MSCs affected tumor initiation and growth
Huang et al., 2013	Not specified	Subcutaneous xenograft ± coinjected MSC	MSCs increased tumor growth rate and angiogenesis
Liu et al., 2011	Mouse BMD-MSC	Subcutaneous xenograft ± coinjected MSC	MSCs enhanced tumor growth
Tsai et al., 2011	Human BMD-MSC	Subcutaneous xenograft ± coinjected MSC	MSCs derived IL-6 promoted tumor formation
Shinagawa et al., 2010	Human BMD-MSC	Orthotopic colon cancer ± coinjected MSC	MSCs promoted tumor growth and liver metastasis
Tumor inhibiting
Chen et al., 2014	Mouse BMD-MSC	AOM/DSS ± MSC	MSCs inhibited tumor number through IL-6-STAT3 signaling
Tang et al., 2015	Umbilical cord blood	AOM/DSS ± MSC	MSCs inhibited tumor initiation by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine production
Nasuno et al., 2014	Rat BMD-MSC	AOM/DSS ± MSC	MSCs inhibited tumor initiation by affecting tumor cell-cycle machinery
Rhyu et al., 2015	Rat BMD-MSC	Subcutaneous allograft ± MSC	MSCs inhibited the outgrowth of the rat colon carcinoma and induced greater monocyte infiltration

BMD-MSC, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell; CRC, colorectal cancer; EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition; AOM, azoxymethane; DSS, dextran sulfate sodium.