Table 2.

Cell types used for in vitro respiratory models

Name	Cell type	Cell origin	Use in modeling specific cell types
Respiratory system‐derived
HNE[ 57 ]	Primary cell	Human primary nasal epithelial cells from patient brushings.	Nasal epithelial cells.
NHBE[ 58 ]	Primary cell	Primary human bronchial epithelial cells from patients.	Bronchial epithelial cells.
Calu‐3[ 59 ]	Cell line	Human adenocarcinoma cell line from 25‐year‐old male patient.	Bronchial epithelial cells.
16HBE140[ 60 ]	Cell line	Human bronchial epithelial cell line from a 1‐year old male lung/heart transplant patient.	Bronchial epithelial cells.
A549[ 61 ]	Cell line	Human adenocarcinoma cell line from 58‐year‐old male.	Alveolar type 2 cells.
hAELVi[ 53 ]	Cell line	Human alveolar epithelial cell line.	Alveolar type 1 cells.
hAEpC[ 62 ]	Primary cell	Isolation and culture of type 2 human carcinoma alveolar epithelial cells.	Alveolar type 2 and type 1‐like cells.
TT1[ 63 ]	Cell line	Transduced human type 2 carcinoma cells line (type 1‐like phenotype).	Alveolar type 1 cells.
NCl‐H441[ 64 ]	Cell line	Human type 2 carcinoma cell line.	Alveolar type 2 cells.
Immune system‐derived			Use in modeling disease‐associated inflammatory pathways
Macrophage[ 54 ]	Primary cell	Human peripheral blood monocytes.	Macrophage induced phagocytosis and inflammation.
Dendritic cell[ 55 ]	Primary cell	Human peripheral blood monocytes.	Dendritic cell induced inflammation.
Neutrophils[ 65 ]	Primary cell	Human peripheral blood.	Neutrophil induced inflammation.
Alveolar macrophage[ 56 ]	Primary cell	Human lung tissue or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.	Macrophage induced phagocytosis and inflammation.
HL‐60[ 66 ]	Cell line	Human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line from a 36 year old women patient.	Spontaneous and directed differentiation into neutrophilic, monocytic, eosinophilic, and macrophage phenotypes.
THP‐1[ 67 ]	Cell line	Human acute monocytic leukemia cell line from a 1 year old male patient.	Spontaneous and directed differentiation into neutrophilic, monocytic, eosinophilic, and macrophage phenotypes.
HMC‐1[ 68 ]	Cell line	Human acute systemic macrocytosis cell line.	Mast cell induced inflammation.
LADR[ 69 ]	Cell line	Human acute systemic macrocytosis cell line.	Mast cell induced inflammation.

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