Table 2.
Univariable model and multivariable generalized estimating equation (GEE) model examining the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the employment of young adults with rheumatic disease*
|
Univariable OR (95% CI)† |
Multivariable OR (95% CI)‡ |
|
|---|---|---|
| Time period | ||
| Prior to COVID‐19 pandemic | – | |
| Following onset COVID‐19 pandemic | 0.28 (0.11–0.71)§ | |
| Sociodemographic¶ | ||
| Age, years | 1.11 (1.01–1.21)§ | 1.08 (0.99–1.17) |
| Sex/gender | ||
| Women | 0.91 (0.30–2.81) | 0.26 (0.11–0.71)§ |
| Men | – | – |
| Education | ||
| Less than postsecondary education | – | – |
| Postsecondary education or more | 3.94 (1.24–12.52)§ | 7.2 (1.93–26.62)§ |
| Marital status | ||
| Married/living as if married | 1.83 (0.77–4.40) | 2.5 (0.99–6.42) |
| Not married or living as if married | – | – |
| Childcare responsibilities | ||
| Primary childcare responsibilities | 0.29 (0.06–1.47) | 0.35 (0.07–1.82) |
| No childcare responsibilities/not primary caregiver | – | – |
| Disease/health factors¶ | ||
| Disease onset | ||
| Pediatric disease onset, age <18 years | 1.3 (0.53–3.11) | 2.68 (1.12–6.43)§ |
| Adult onset, age >18 years | – | – |
| Self‐rated health | ||
| Poor/fair | – | – |
| Good/very good/excellent | 2.67 (1.13–6.27)§ | 1.79 (0.60–5.38) |
| Pain score (range 0–10) | 0.75 (0.62–0.91) | 1.08 (0.80–1.46) |
| Fatigue score (range 0–10) | 0.84 (0.70–0.99) | 0.93 (0.67–1.28) |
| Disease activity score (range 0–10) | 0.78 (0.65–0.94)§ | 0.96 (0.68–1.37) |
| Depression | ||
| Depressed, CESD‐10 score ≥10 | 0.93 (0.87–0.99)§ | 0.46 (0.15–1.37) |
| Not depressed, CESD‐10 score <10 | – | – |
| Workplace activity limitations (WALS score range 0–36) | 0.91 (0.85–0.98)§ | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) |
| Work‐context factors¶ | ||
| Job control (range 1–5) | 1.11 (0.77–1.61) | 1.38 (0.95–2.00) |
| Organizational support (range 1–5) | 1.37 (0.95–1.98) | 0.91 (0.61–1.35) |
| Physical activity (range 1–5) | 0.62 (0.45–0.87)§ | 1.19 (0.82–1.73) |
| Mentally demanding job (range 1–5) | 1.41 (0.94–2.12)§ | 1.56 (1.08–2.25)§ |
95% CI = 95% confidence interval; CESD‐10 = 10‐item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; OR = odds ratio; WALS = Workplace Activity Limitations Scale.
Univariable logistic regression model examining the relationship between study variables and employment after the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Due to limitations of sample size, the participant who was non‐binary was not included in the model and should be examined in further analyses.
GEE model examined the relationship between study variables and employment following the application of policies and programs to address the spread of COVID‐19. Due to limitations of sample size, the participant who was non‐binary was not included in the model and should be examined in further analyses.
Significant.
Measured prior to the onset of policies and programs to address the spread of COVID‐19.