Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Authors (Ref) | Publication year | Sample size (control/intervention) | Country/Population | Intervention (name and daily dose) | Duration | Age (y) (control, intervention) |
Presented data |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khayyal et al. [48] | 2003 | 23/22 | Egypt/ Mild to moderate asthma | 2 mL/d of 13% aqueous extract of propolis solution (260 mg/d) | 8 weeks | 19–52 | IL-6, TNF-α |
| Fukuda et al. [49] | 2015 | 39/41 | Japan/T2DM | 226.8 mg/d Brazilian green propolis | 8 weeks |
62.9 ± 7.8, 63.7 ± 9.3 |
FPG, Ins, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, IL-6, TNF-α |
| El-Sharkawy et al. [50] | 2016 | 26/24 | Egypt/T2DM + chronic periodontitis | 400 mg/d propolis + scaling and root planning | 6 months |
51.2 ± 6.5, 48.9 ± 8.3 |
FPG, HbA1c |
| Zhao et al. [31] | 2016 | 32/33 | China/T2DM | 900 mg/d Brazilian green propolis | 18 weeks |
60.8 ± 8.6 59.5 ± 8.0 |
FPG, Ins, HbA1c, TAC, MDA |
| Afsharpour et al. [51] | 2017 | 30/30 | Iran/T2DM | 1500 mg/d Iranian propolis | 8 weeks |
49.05 ± 8.2, 51.81 ± 6.35 |
Weight, BMI, FPG, Ins, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, CRP, TNF-α, AST, ALT |
| Mujica et al. [44] | 2017 | 32/35 | Chile/Healthy individuals | 13 drops/d propolis | 90 days |
44.5 ± 13.7, 48 ± 12.1 |
Weight, BMI, FPG, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, CRP, AST, ALT |
| Samadi et al. [29] | 2017 | 27/30 | Iran/T2DM | 900 mg/d propolis | 12 weeks |
56.07 ± 9.02 51.30 ± 6.57 |
Weight, BMI, FPG, Ins, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C |
| Zhu et al. [42] | 2018 | 30/30 | China/Elderly people living at high altitude | 830 mg/d Brazilian green propolis | 24 months |
73.23 ± 7.32, 72.28 ± 7.23 |
IL-6, TNF-α, AST, ALT |
| Gao et al. [32] | 2018 | 30/25 | China/T2DM | 900 mg/d Chinese propolis | 18 weeks |
60.6 ± 8.4, 57.7 ± 7.5 |
FPG, Ins, HbA1c, TAC, MDA |
| Afsharpour et al. [45] | 2019 | 30/30 | Iran/T2DM | 1500 mg/d Iranian propolis | 8 weeks |
49.05 ± 8.2, 51.81 ± 6.35 |
TAC |
| Zakerkish et al. [52] | 2019 | 44/50 | Iran/T2DM | 1000 mg/d Iranian propolis | 90 days |
54.86 ± 8.89, 55.40 ± 9.09 |
Weight, BMI, FPG, Ins, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, AST, ALT |
| Silveira et al. [43] | 2019 | 14/18 | Brazil/Chronic kidney disease | 500 mg/d Brazilian green propolis | 12 months |
61.50 ± 10.77, 61.39 ± 10.47 |
AST, ALT |
| Gholaminejad et al. [28] | 2019 | 28/29 | Iran/Infertile Men with Asthenozoospermia | 1500 mg/d Iranian propolis | 10 weeks |
30 ± 3.96 31.61 ± 4.18 |
Weight, BMI, CRP, TNF-α, TAC, MDA |
| Koo et al. [53] (a) | 2019 | 5/10 | South Korea/Smokers | 600 mg/d propolis | 4 weeks | 20–28 | FPG |
| Koo et al. [53] (b) | 2019 | 5/10 | South Korea/Smokers | 180 mg/d propolis +420 mg/d aloe polysaccharide | 4 weeks | 20–28 | FPG |
BMI, Body Mass Index; FPG, Fasting Plasma Glucose; HbA1C, Hemoglobin A1C; IR, Insulin Resistance; TC, Total Cholesterol; TG, Triglyceride; LDL, Low Density Lipoprotein; HDL, High Density Lipoprotein; ALT, Alanine Aminotransferase; AST, Aspartate Aminotransferase; CRP, C - reactive protein; IL-6, Interleukin-6; TNF-α, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α; MDA, Malondialdehyde; TAC, Total Antioxidant Capacity