Table 2.
The effects of propolis supplementation on study variables
| Variables | Number of effect sizes | Weighted mean difference | CI 95% | Heterogeneity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I2 (%) | P- value heterogeneity | ||||
| Weight | 5 | -0.76 | −1.90, 0.38 | 00.0 | 0.97 |
| BMI | 5 | −0.16 | −0.54, 0.21 | 00.0 | 0.96 |
| FPG | 10 | −17.00 | −30.88, −3.11 | 98.8 | <0.001 |
| HbA1C | 8 | −0.42 | −0.75, −0.10 | 94.4 | <0.001 |
| Insulin | 6 | −1.75 | −3.24, −0.26 | 92.7 | <0.001 |
| IR | 5 | −0.60 | −1.20, 0.00 | 92.1 | <0.001 |
| TC | 4 | 4.69 | −13.09, 22.48 | 94.8 | <0.001 |
| TG | 3 | 0.05 | −11.48, 11.57 | 17.5 | 0.29 |
| LDL | 4 | −0.25 | −5.72, 5.23 | 55.9 | 0.07 |
| HDL | 4 | 3.33 | −1.41, 8.07 | 92.6 | <0.001 |
| ALT | 5 | −5.63 | −10.59, −0.67 | 87.9 | <0.001 |
| AST | 5 | −3.09 | −5.15, −1.03 | 77.1 | <0.01 |
| CRP | 4 | −1.11 | −1.92, −0.29 | 97.2 | <0.001 |
| IL-6 | 4 | −17.99 | −35.56, −0.42 | 98.7 | <0.001 |
| TNF-α | 6 | −6.71 | −9.44, −3.98 | 97.8 | <0.001 |
| MDA | 3 | 0.15 | −1.51, 1.82 | 54.4 | 0.11 |
| TAC | 4 | 0.23 | −0.25, 0.71 | 99.8 | <0.001 |
BMI, Body Mass Index; FPG, Fasting Plasma Glucose; HbA1C, Hemoglobin A1C; IR, Insulin Resistance; TC, Total Cholesterol; TG, Triglyceride; LDL, Low Density Lipoprotein; HDL, High Density Lipoprotein; ALT, Alanine Aminotransferase; AST, Aspartate Aminotransferase; CRP, C - reactive protein; IL-6, Interleukin-6; TNF-α, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α; MDA, Malondialdehyde; TAC, Total Antioxidant Capacity