Table 1.
Baseline sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics of the ATTICA study participants, according to IBI tertiles (n = 845)
| Overall sample | IBI tertiles | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (Low) |
2nd (Moderate) |
3rd (High) |
p | ||
| Age, years | 39 ± 11 | 40 ± 10 | 41 ± 10 | 47 ± 8 | 0.001 |
| Male sex, % | 52 | 47 | 52 | 55 | 0.17 |
| Years of school | 13 ± 3 | 14 ± 2.5 | 13 ± 3 | 11 ± 3 | < 0.001 |
| Current smoking, % | 41 | 36 | 47 | 47 | < 0.001 |
| Sedentary life, % | 54 | 51 | 59 | 52 | 0.12 |
| Obesity, % | 48 | 47 | 54 | 55 | < 0.001 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 25 ± 4 | 25 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 | 27 ± 4 | < 0.001 |
| MedDietScore (0–55) | 27.5 ± 8 | 27 ± 9 | 25.6 ± 7 | 27 ± 9 | < 0.001 |
| Family history of diabetes, %yes | 25 | 22 | 30 | 27 | 0.05 |
| Hypertension, %yes | 24 | 23 | 26 | 23 | 0.28 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, %yes | 31 | 27 | 33 | 34 | 0.004 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 2 ± 2.8 | 2.1 ± 2.8 | 2.1 ± 2.5 | 1.7 ± 3.7 | 0.002 |
| Interleukin 6 (IL-6) (pg/ml) | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 |
| TNF-alpha (pg/ml) | 6.1 ± 3 | 6.6 ± 2.4 | 6.3 ± 3.4 | 5 ± 2.6 | 0.13 |
| Total antioxidant capacity (μmol/L) | 237 ± 40 | 250 ± 55 | 233 ± 29 | 229 ± 38 | < 0.001 |
| Oxidised LDL—C (mg/dl) | 63 ± 33 | 72 ± 36 | 60 ± 31 | 54 ± 30 | 0.10 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 304 ± 72 | 313 ± 72 | 308 ± 78 | 275 ± 52 | 0.55 |
| ZDRS (0–80) a | 35 ± 7 | 33 ± 6 | 36 ± 7 | 38 ± 6 | < 0.001 |
| STAI (0–80) b | 40 ± 12 | 35 ± 10 | 41 ± 11 | 45 ± 12 | < 0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (i.e., mean (SD)). P-values were obtained using One-way analysis of variance for independent samples for the normally distributed variables, Kruskal–Wallis Test for the rest quantitative variables and chi squared test for categorical variables;
a Zung self-rating Depression Scale; b Spielberger State-Trait anxiety Inventory