Table 2.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (vitamin D < 30 ng/ml) according to intake of food items
| Food items | Boys N=1,430 |
Girls N=1,166 |
Total N=2,596 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fat dairy products | daily | 256(71.1%) | 213(68.5%) | 469(69.9%) |
| weekly | 349(71.5%) | 269(68.8%) | 618(70.3%) | |
| rarely | 375(72.4%) | 292(74.3%) | 667(73.2%) | |
| p-value | 0.909 | 0.144 | 0.259 | |
| Fish | daily | 451(73.7%) | 322(69.8%) | 773(72.0%) |
| weekly | 475(70.3%) | 390(71.4%) | 865(70.8%) | |
| rarely | 97(75.8%) | 94(66.2%) | 191(70.7%) | |
| p-value | 0.252 | 0.471 | 0.784 | |
| Beef Liver | daily | 43(75.4%) | 34(60.7%) | 77(68.1%) |
| weekly | 149(75.6%) | 120(66.3%) | 269(71.2%) | |
| rarely | 837(71.2%) | 662(71.4%) | 1499(71.3%) | |
| p-value | 0.374 | 0.113 | 0.769 | |
| Fast food | daily | 25(89.3%) | 21(61.8%) | 46(74.2%) |
| weekly | 152(69.1%) | 140(71.1%) | 292(70.0%) | |
| rarely | 849(72.1%) | 651(70.2%) | 1500(71.3%) | |
| p-value | 0.079 | 0.543 | 0.760 | |
| Cola | daily | 31(63.3%) | 27(69.2%) | 58(65.9%) |
| weekly | 226(70.0%) | 167(69.0%) | 393(69.6%) | |
| rarely | 767(73.0%) | 620(70.5%) | 1387(71.9%) | |
| p-value | 0.234 | 0.892 | 0.308 | |
| Fresh fruit | daily | 500(72.8%) | 383(71.5%) | 883(72.2%) |
| weekly | 284(70.6%) | 224(68.3%) | 508(69.6%) | |
| rarely | 244(71.8%) | 209(69.7%) | 453(70.8%) | |
| p-value | 0.749 | 0.604 | 0.458 | |
| Juice | daily | 54(68.4%) | 62(73.8%) | 116(71.2%) |
| weekly | 216(67.9%) | 171(67.6%) | 387(67.8%) | |
| rarely | 755(73.4%) | 583(70.5%) | 1338(72.1%) | |
| p-value | 0.123 | 0.503 | 0.133 | |
| Vegetable | daily | 361(71.2%) | 484(73.4%) | 845(72.5%) |
| weekly | 306(70.8%) | 370(69.3%) | 676(70.0%) | |
| rarely | 148(66.1%) | 172(74.5%) | 320(70.3%) | |
| p-value | 0.190 | 0.343 | 0.410 | |
N: number