Table 1.
The main characteristics of included studies.
| First author (publication year) | Country | Number and gender (M/F) | Mean age | BMI | Duration of disease (years)/treatment | Clinical Trial design/randomized/Blinding | Duration of study (Days) | Comparison group | Amount Of Spirulina intake | Notes about participants | Outcomes of interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serban et al. (1982) [29] | Romania |
Intervention: 15 Control: 15 (NR) |
Range years: 30-70 Intervention: 61.7 ±6.85 Control: 61.6±8.90 |
Intervention: 36.6±6.05 Control: 36.2±6.93 |
> 2 / Metformin | Parallel/Yes/Yes | 60 day |
Metformin + Placebo |
Metformin + Spirulina tablet 0.8 g/day |
Type 2 Diabetes | FBS, HbA1C, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C |
| Mani et al. (2000) [27] | India |
Intervention: 15 Control: 7 (Both gender) |
Intervention: 47.80±9.10 Control: 53.40±6.13 |
Intervention: 29.24±0.30 Control: 25.75±0.13 |
-/- | Parallel/NR/NR | 60 day | - |
Spirulina tablet 2 g/day |
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | FBS, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL |
| Parikh et al. (2001) [28] | India |
Intervention: 15 Control: 10 (Both gender) |
Intervention: 53.8 ± 7.2 Control: 54.6 ± 5.4 |
Intervention: 25.22±5.4 Control: 25.1±2.7 |
12.7/oral hypoglycemic agent | Parallel/Yes/NR | 60 day | - |
Spirulina tablet 2 g/day |
Type 2 Diabetes | FBS, HbA1C, BSPP, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL |
| Lee et al. (2008) [26] | Korea |
Intervention: 19 Control: 18 (Both gender) |
Range: years Intervention: 52.1 ± 10.02 Control: 54.5 ± 6.36 |
Intervention: 23.8±2.17 Control: 23.4±2.12 |
2.45/without drug use | Parallel/Yes/NR | 84 day | - |
Spirulina tablet 8.0 g/day |
Type 2 Diabetes | FBS, HbA1C, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C |
| Kaur et al. (2008) [25] | India |
Intervention: (1) 20 (2) 20 Control: 20 (Male) |
Range: 40-60 years Intervention: (1) 46.3±7.60 (2) 45.95±7.15 Control: 47.6±6.70 |
NR | 7.52/ oral hypoglycemic agent | Parallel/NR/NR | 60 day | - |
Spirulina tablet (1) 1 g/day (2) 2 g/day |
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | FBS, HbA1C, BSPP, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL |
| Anitha et al. (2010) [23] | India |
Intervention: 40 Control: 40 (Male) |
Range: 45 – 60 years Intervention: NR Control: NR |
NR | -/- | Parallel/NR/NR | 84 day | - |
Spirulina tablet 1g/day |
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | FBS, HbA1C, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL |
| Alam et al. (2016) [22] | India |
Intervention: 30 Control: 10 (Both gender) |
Range: 41-60 years Intervention: 45.07 ± 7.67 Control: 44.00 ± 9.39 |
NR | -/- | Parallel/Yes/NR | 45 days | Metformin 500 mg/day |
Spirulina powder 7g/day |
Type 2 Diabetes | FBS, HbA1C, BSPP |
| Beihaghi et al. (2017) [24] | Iran |
Intervention: 20 Control: 20 (Both gender) |
Range years: 30-60 Intervention: NR Control: NR |
NR | 5-10 /- | Parallel/Yes/NR | 90 day | - |
Spirulina tablet 8 g/day |
Type 2 Diabetes | FBS, HbA1C |
Lipoprotein; HDL-C: High-Density Lipoprotein; NR: Not Reported.
Abbreviations: FBS: Fasting Blood Sugar; HbA1C: glycated hemoglobin; BSPP: Blood Sugar post prandial; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total-Cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-Density