Table 1.
General characteristics of studies and patients.
| First author Year, country |
HF population | Recruitment setting | Intervention during session | Monitoring during exercise | Feedback | Comparison | Primary outcome | Enrolled patients (retention, %) | Duration of trial/follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babu 2011, India |
CHF NYHA II-IV |
University teaching hospital | Walking and strength exercise | No | Weekly calls | Usual care | 6MWT | 30 (90) | 8w/8w |
| Bernocchi 2018, Italy |
NYHA II-IV With COPD |
3 rehabilitation centres | Cycling and strength exercise | ECG, pulse oximeter | Weekly calls | Usual care | 6MWT | 112 (71.4) | 4M/6M |
| Chen 2018, Taiwan |
HFrEF NYHA <IV |
Outpatient, general ward and UCI | Aerobic exercise | No | Calls every 2w | Usual care | VO2p, QoL 6MWT |
75 (49.3) | 3M/3M |
| Cowie 2014, Scotland |
HFrEF NYHA II-III |
National Health Service Scotland | Interval aerobic training | No | Calls every 2w | Hospital CR OR Usual care | ISWT, QoL | 60 (76.7) | 8w/8w |
| Hwang 2017, Australia |
NYHA<IV Recent hospitalized |
Cardiology and general medical ward | Aerobic and strength exercises | ECG, pulse oximeter | During the session | Outpatient CR | 6MWT | 53 (92.4) | 12w/24w |
| Lang 2018, Scotland |
HFpEF NYHA <IV |
Single center (Tayside, Scotland) | Walking or chair-based exercises | No | As needed | Usual care | ISWT, QoL, hospitalization | 50 (90) | 12w/6M |
| Servantes 2012, Brazil |
HFrEF 30-70yo NYHA II-III |
Medical center from São Paulo Federal University | Walking and strength exercises | No | Weekly calls | Usual care | VO2p, QoL Strength endurance |
50 (90) | 3M/3M |
| Karapolat 2009, Turkey |
HFrEF NYHA II-III |
Ege University Hospital | Walking, strength, flexibility exercises | No | Weekly calls | Hospital based CR | VO2 peak 6MWT, QoL |
74 (91.9) | 8w/8w |
| Keast 2013, Canada |
EF 20%-35% NYHA II-III | Tertiary cardiac care center, Ottawa | Nordic walk | Online supervision | During the session | Outpatient CR | 6MWT | 54 (79.6) | 12w/12w |
| Piotrowicz 2010, Poland |
HFrEF NYHA II-III |
Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw | Walking | ECG, vitals | Daily calls | Outpatient CR | VO2p, QoL 6MWT |
152 (86.2) | 8w/8w |
| Piotrowicz 2015, Poland |
HFrEF NYHA II-III |
Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw | Nordic walk | ECG, vitals | Daily calls | Usual care | VO2p | 111 (96.4) | 8w/8w |
| SafiyariHafiz 2016, Canada |
HFrEF NYHA <IV |
Not reported | HIIT (walking) and resistance training | HR and pedometer | Calls 2-3x/w | Usual care | 6MWT VO2p, QoL |
40 (72.5) | 12w/12w |
| Frederix 2017, Belgium |
HF NYHA <IV |
Multi-center trial | Walking | Accelerometer | Calls or SMS 1x/w | Outpatient CR | VO2p | 140 (85) | 12w /2y |
| Peng 2018, China |
HFrEF NYHA I-III |
Teaching hospital in Chengdu | Aerobic and strength | Online supervision | At session, weekly calls | Usual care | QoL, 6MWT, HADS | 98 (84.7) | 2M/6M |
| Zielinska 2006, Poland |
HFrEF NYHA II-III |
3 clinics and 1 hospital in Poland | 3w outpatient CR 9w aerobic exercise | ECG, HR | No regular feedback | Usual care | QoL, duration of stress test | 61 (100) | 12w/12w |
| Piotrowicz 2019, Poland |
HFrEF NYHA I-III |
Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw | Nordic walk and strength exercises | Tele-ECG, vitals | Daily calls | Usual care | Mortality and hospitalizations | 850 (91.8) | 9w/26M |
| Dalal 2019, UK |
HFrEF NYHA I-IV |
Four 1ry and 2ry care centres in UK | Walking training or chair-based exercises | No | Not specified | Usual care (some had rehabilitation) | HRQoL at 12 months using MLHFQ | 216 (87) | 12w/12M |
Abbreviations: CHF, congestive heart failure; CPET, cardiopulmonary exercise test; HADS, hospital anxiety and depression score; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HR, heart rate; HRQoL, health related quality of life; ISWT, incremental shuttle walk test; LVEF, left ventricule ejection fraction; M, months; MLHFQ, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire; 6MWT, 6-minute walk test; Outpatient, standard cardiac rehabilitation; Pvo2, peak aerobic capacity; QoL, quality of life; Usual care, no exercise prescription; w, weeks.