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. 2021 Jun 17;28:47. doi: 10.1186/s12929-021-00745-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Relationships between glaucoma subtypes and levels of aqueous ATX (A), TGF-β1 (B), TGF-β2 (C), and TGF-β3 (D) and correlations between IOP and levels of aqueous ATX (E), TGF-β1 (F), TGF-β2 (G), and TGF-β3 (H). A The level of ATX measured by immunoenzymetric assay was significantly lower in the control group than in any glaucoma group (P < 0.05 for POAG, P < 0.001 for SOAG or XFG), and differed significantly between the POAG group and SOAG or XFG groups (P < 0.01). B The level of TGF-β1 was significantly lower in the control group than in any glaucoma group (P < 0.01 for POAG and SOAG, P < 0.001 for XFG), while it was higher in the XFG group than in POAG or SOAG groups. C The level of TGF-β2 exhibited an inverse tendency, especially between POAG and XFG groups (P < 0.05 between control and POAG, P < 0.001 between POAG and XFG). D The level of TGF-β3 was significantly higher in the XFG group than in any other groups (P < 0.01 for SOAG, P < 0.001 for control or POAG). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.01. Levels of ATX (E; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = 0.439, P = 0.0000582), TGF-β1 (F; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = 0.494, P = 0.00000665), and TGF-β3 (H; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = 0.537, P = 0.000000664) were positively correlated with IOP, whereas the level of TGF-β2 was not (G; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = -−0.104, P = 0.378). Relationships between glaucoma subtypes and ratios of aqueous TGF-β1/ATX (I), TGF-β2/ATX (J), and TGF-β3/ATX (K) and correlations between IOP and ratios of TGF-β1/ATX (L), TGF-β2/ATX (M), and TGF-β3/ATX (N). I The TGF-β1/ATX ratio was significantly higher in the XFG group than in the POAG group (P < 0.05). J The TGF-β2/ATX ratio was significantly higher in the control and POAG groups than in the SOAG or XFG groups (P < 0.05 between control and SOAG, P < 0.01 between POAG and SOAG, P < 0.001 between XFG and control or POAG). K The TGF-β3/ATX ratio was significantly higher in the XFG group than in any other group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.01. L–N Correlations between IOP and ratios of TGF-β1/ATX, TGF-β2/ATX, and TGF-β3/ATX. Ratios of TGF-β1/ATX (L; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = 0.275, P = 0.017) and TGF-β3/ATX (N; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = 0.454, P = 0.0000423) were positively correlated with IOP, whereas the ratio of TGF-β2/ATX was negatively correlated with IOP (M; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = −0.367, P = 0.000961)