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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 18.
Published in final edited form as: Science. 2019 Jun 7;364(6444):956–959. doi: 10.1126/science.aaw7567

Fig. 1. Controlling the chaotic differentiation of pluripotent stem cells.

Fig. 1.

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) stochastically differentiate in vivo into a disordered mix of tissues called teratomas [teratoma image by permission from Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, Cleveland Clinic]. PSC differentiation can be directed in a stepwise manner by controlling the initiation of germ layer formation [CNS organoid with an optic cup shown from (29) by permission from Nature, copyright 2011], organ patterning (intestinal organoids shown), and specification of individual cell types (hepatocytes shown).